Handmaids Tale Essay -- essays research papers

Does the women of Gilead know that they ar being controlled?     Are the women of Gilead aware that they are being controlled by the troupe? In Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale, the theme of control is a very important factor of the book. In the story, at the Republic of Gilead, the women are being controlled by the society to do what the society wants them to do. The handmaids are brainwashed in the first place they start working for the society. tho since the brainwashing happens so naturally over a period of time, the handmaids put ont fully realize that they have been brainwashed by the society to do what the society wants them to do.     The theme of control and being brainwashed could be found in many parts of books in many forms. For example, before the women became handmaids, they were at a institution where they get educated and influenced by the aunts on how they should live their lives. In the institution, the aunts treat th e women like children. But whose fault was it? aunty Helena says, holding up on plump finger.(93), aunts ask such(prenominal) questions, which leads the women to think the way the society wants them to think. Her fault, her fault, her fault, we chant in unison.(94), and the women repeats the answer protrude loud as a whole as if they were young kindergartners, and by doing so, they are being influenced and brainwashed. By treating them like children and making them repeat afterwards what they say, they slowly ...

gatjay F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician :: Great Gatsby Essays

Jay Gatsby as the virtuoso in The Great Gatsby   Magicians ar know for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems like magic, turns out to be b arly a careful flick of the wrist. In the harbour The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is used among other tools to eject that appearance is not always reality. The high class throws sophisticated and exciting parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and show stumble their fortunes with the grand affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, powerful man, and mysterious man, rightful(prenominal) now all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the kip down of the well-favored Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a high class than he really belongs to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, entirely reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys funds w as not earned legally or inherited as a fortune from his massive uncle, but was made through prohibited schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright put him. He earns the prank of a higher stature. He does not care about the gold or any other material wealth. He cares about the fill out of a woman. Gatsby makes many glosss in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born into.             The intelligence ample is often used to announce a magician. The title of the nurse is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can micturate magic and fool all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mi rage of great wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The thing is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they telephone of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of somebody really lavish by the parties and the guests.gatjay F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby as the Magician Great Gatsby Essays Jay Gatsby as the Magician in The Great Gatsby   Magicians are cognize for the tricks that they play on the eyes. What often seems like magic, turns out to be just a careful flick of the wrist. In the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzerald, the magician is compared to the character of Jay Gatsby. The magician motif is used among other tools to analyze that appearance is not always reality. The higher class throws sophisticated and glamorous parties that include many interesting people. They have fun and show tally their fortunes with the grand affairs. Jay Gatsby is described as a rich, power ful man, and mysterious man, but all his fortune is made for a simple cause, the love of the better-looking Daisy Fay Buchanan. He is compared to a magician because he gives an appearance of being in a higher class than he really belongs to. Gatsby strives to appear to be high class, but reality ends up hurting him hard in the end. Gatsbys money was not earned legally or inherited as a fortune from his great uncle, but was made through black schemes. Gatsbys goal is to try to seem to be in a higher social class than the class where his birthright put him. He creates the illusion of a higher stature. He does not care about the money or any other material wealth. He cares about the love of a woman. Gatsby makes many illusions in hopes of showing his Daisy that he is in a class as high as hers and that they do belong together. What a magician does is deceive his audience. Jay Gatsby has to do that to make his audience believe that he belongs to a higher class than he was really born into.             The give voice great is often used to announce a magician. The title of the book is the introduction of the character of Jay Gatsby. He is the great magician that can create magic and fool all the spectators around him. Jay Gatsby throws wonderful parties to give the mirage of great wealth and high class. Only the most interesting people are invited. The thing is that he does not care for the people, but only of what they animadvert of him. He does not show his own face, but gives the impression of soul really lavish by the parties and the guests.

Heilners beneath The Wheel And Me :: essays research papers

Heilners "Beneath the Wheel" and Me     As it did every school day of my junior year, 1112 AM had scratch oncemore to mark the end of my donnish morning, and the beginning of my lunchperiod. After paying my one dollar for a small chromatic vita-pup slush drink anda strawberry fruit roll-up, I would experience my place at the usual lunch table. Thenext forty-five proceedings were always used as an escape from the labor andfrustration of the academic world. Whether my time was spent playing bass inthe band room, or spent engaging myself in conversation with my close friends, Inever let schoolwork, tests, or quizzes interfere with this opportunity to letmy mind transmit school for a few moments.     Meanwhile, just a couple of tables apart sat Chris. Just as religiouslyas I relaxed during the period, Chris would be diligently working. Chris and Idid not have much in common, just one thing we did share was our Algebra II classthat followed the lunch period. virtually days Chris would still be studying while Iwas on the way come to the fore of the cafeteria. One day in particular, the bell that tagthe end of the lunch period had just rung, and I was heading out for Ms.Henyons math class. I saw up ahead of me, Chris frantically flipping through with(predicate)his Algebraic Concepts text book. I approached Chris and asked "Did we haveany homework we were suppositious to do?"     "All we had to do was study for the test today," Chris replied. Asusual, I had forgotten another quiz either that I had chosen to neglectfulness it.Whichever it was, I never study for tests and quizzes. "Yeah, Ive beenstudying for it all period. I canvass last night too, so I should be prettygood," Chris added.     "Oh, wellspring thats a surprise guess it slipped my mind," I responded.With time marching on I gave Chris a "see ya there," and went on m y way.     Two days went by and the test results were in. "Henyon" marched downthe rows of desks and slapped the quizzes down on our desks like death spillagejudgement on us little students. At least thats how soberly some people tookit. The usual aftermath of "What did you gets?" and "How did you dos?"inevitably followed.     "How did you do?" Chris asked in a concerned tone, as if studying meantpassing.     "93, A-. How did you do?"     "95, A. Good business line Mike."     Chris had spent hours and hours working to come out on top of me and the

Individual Assignment: Vulnerable Population Article Essay

Based on my understanding of what I book read over the past week, I would define a indefensible population as any individual or group of mass with a decreased capacity to communicate effectively in a nominaten setting. The term vulnerable populations is be defined as state with questionable capacity. It is further stated that, children, comatose affected roles, fetuses, prisoners, or mentally severely patients, among others argon considered vulnerable populations (Miracle, 2010). As a clinical research nurse, it is my tariff to ensure that all of my patients (or subjects) submit a signed and dated aware consent (IC) form prior to enrollment in a accept. The forage and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that all clinical trials or study shops (pharmaceutical shaper of the study drug) maintain proof of IC for each subject, in either trial, without exception in their respective trial master file (TMF). dominance barriers for participants in clinical research studies might be patients or subjects who are uneducated, and or, patients who are non able to assure his or her health sympathize with provider that they fully understand information that is provided, and IC may not be obtained. The NIH defines consent capacity as an adults powerfulness to understand information relevant to making an informed, voluntary decision to enter in research. This information includes a description of the study, its potential risks and benefits, the right to give voluntary consent, the right to withdraw from the study, anonymity, confidentiality, and ways to lessen any risks. However, many people do not understand these components of an informed consent for a variety of reasons. These include people with mental disorders, neurological disorders such as stroke or dementia, metabolic impairment, psychoactive medications, substance abuse, and head trauma.Others who may be unable to provide consent include children, fetuses, prisoners, the terminally ill, and enceinte women (Miracle, 2010). Most of my experience with vulnerable groups, while working as a clinical research nurse, has been with young women who became during the study period, after IC was obtained. loosely speaking, pregnancy should be avoided at all costs during participation in a clinical trial in which a woman is ingesting a study drug. Depending on study design or how a studys protocol is written, it may require that the women participants not get gravid for a specify period after study drug is completed, in order to avoid harm to the woman and her unborn fetus.When a patient becomes pregnant during the study drug period or within the specified period after study drug completion, the study sponsor) is required to authorship this as an adverse occurrence (any untoward and/or unexpected event during the clinical trial that could potentially harm the patient). The patient must past be followed by her trial physician throughout her pregnancy, and through the scotchs first year of life, to ensure the health of both ma and baby for one year after study completion. If any complications arise, the sponsor is responsible for all necessary care.ReferenceMiracle, V. A. (2010). Vulnerable Populations in Research. Dimensions of little Care Nursing , 242-245.

Nursing Care Plan for Impaired Social Interaction

NURSING CARE PLAN FOR IMPAIRED SOCIAL fundamental interaction ASSESSMENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS GOAL INTERVENTIONS precept EVALUATION Objectives Dont like to mingle with others. When talked to, he incessantly looked at different directions. Isolate him from others. Does not participate in screen activities. Subjective Ayoko sa kanila makihalubilo minsan kasi pakiramdam ko sasaktan nila ako at pinagtritripan. Impaired Social Interaction related to to kind isolation of self to others. A state in which an one-on-one participates in either an insufficient or an excessive quantity of neighborly exchange, or with an in efficient quality of friendly exchange. Short Term at bottom 1 week of nursing interactions and interventions, the uncomplaining will1. Minimize his walk in different directions when talked to.2. Develop a therapeutic bear-client relationship finished frequent, brief contacts and an accepting attitude.3. Respond to cordial contacts in the e nvironment much(prenominal) as interacting with the staff for a specific period of prison term.Long Term indoors 3 weeks of nursing interactions and interventions, the patient will1. Demonstrate effective social interaction skills in both one-on-one and group settings.2. Will save a good relationship with other patients.3. Demonstrate appropriate social interactions.Independent1. Provided opportunities for socialization and encourage participation in group activities.2. Allowed patient time to reveal delusions to you without engaging in a power struggle everyplace the content or the reality of the delusions.3.Used a supportive, emphatic approach to cogitate on patients feelings about troubling events or conflicts.4. Helped patient to identify behaviors that alienate him from the environment.5. Assisted patient in learning unbiased social topics such as weather or local events. drug-addicted 1. Administered medications as ordered and checked after administering.Collaborative 1. Encouraged same nurse to work with the client.1. To increase the clients abilities and confidence in socializing.2. To see to it the feelings he is experiencing.3. Empathy conveys your caring, interest and acceptance of the client.4. To explore the feelings he is undergoing.5. To develop a greater success in social interactions.To control signs and symptoms of hallucinations and delusions of the client and to substantiate if he swallowed the medicines.1. To promote development of trusting relationship. Short Term subject Met After 1 week of nursing interactions and interventions the client was able to 1. minify his pacing in different directions when talked to.2.Developed a therapeutic nurse-client relationship by frequent, brief contacts and an accepting attitude.3. Responded to social contacts in the environment such as interacting with the staff for a specific period of time. Long Term expiration Met After 3 weeks of nursing interactions and interventions the client was able to1. Demonstrated effective social interaction skills in both one-on-one and group settings.2. maintained a good relationship with other patients.3. Demonstrated appropriate social interactions.

A Message from Disadvantaged Children of Friends for Street Children in Ho Chi Minh City – Vietnam

A message from disadvantaged squirtren of Friends For Street children in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Ladies and Gentlemen, Ho Chi Minh City is an stinting city of Vietnam, with a population of more than 8 million. Attracted by the speedy economic expansion of Ho Chi Minh City, a large government issue of migrants from m all parts of the country is coming. However, they mostly are poor people in material, education, professional skills which leads to unstable jobs and low salaries. They live together with many otherwise familys members in a temporary houses or narrow rental rooms. They cannot earn enough for living.It becomes so difficult for these parents to manage take lean for their children even they need financial help from their children. Many children of these families have to choke off financially by selling lottery tickets, newspapers, shoes polishing, or begging. why we help disadvantaged children? The reality of early fags and dropping out of school of migrant childre n in Ho Chi Minh City is so common. Adding to these labor migrant children is poor children of Ho Chi Minh City who live in slums. They are also the target for child labors, illiterate and many affectionate issues.Facing with the reality that many children cannot access school and their rights are neglected, Friends For Street Children linkup was established in 1984, purposely to assist the disadvantaged children in their studies. The sleeper bone ups seven Development Centers to serve about 1200 children studying from Kindergarten to Grade 5. What do children benefit from your help? With the help of donors, sponsors, individuals and groups, and organizations for disadvantaged children at cities of progressment countries give care Vietnam, we can continue and resolve little by little the canonic issues such(prenominal) as Preventing the dropping out of the school of children. Reducing illiterate. solving child labor. Reducing child malnutrition. Increasing child self-co nfident and self-pride due to lacking neighborly integrating environment. Encouraging respect of child basic rights. Providing a salutary environment for education in golf club to reduce social crime concerning children. Your support volition help us to organize what activities? Your support will give children chances to access a good education. In FFSC system, we organize free education for children from 5 to 15 old age old included Pre-school and Elementary School classes.This is a very key step to support all children to excel certain noesis in order to integrate public schools. Without supporting, it will be impossible for poor and labor child to access further education. At the center, we also organize language classes such as English, Japanese for children Vocational training courses such as sewing, embroidery for girls Building up child self-confident and social understanding through life skills and life values courses Improving childrens creativities through re creation programs according to age such as stripe games, drawing Improving their health through outdoor body exercises Healthcare, teething care and providing milk Sponsorships for poor children who study at public schools to prevent dropping out due to financial reason Supporting children and families psychologically through home visits. Whats impact of our support for children? Our purpose focuses on and enhances well-being and a better future of disadvantaged children. These disadvantaged children will have chance to access and integrate the public school and to develop their talents. Some girls who are trained can earn living in the future. They are served better in nutrition and health. They will gain a balance on psychology. They have chances to have fun as any other children. These poor children can proceed higher education in order to graduate from high school and college. They are provided necessary knowledge and skills to live healthily, happily and usefully in future society. Our dear guests, we would comparable to express our deepest gratitude for your kind presence here today. Thank you for your attentive listening.

Belonging – Romulus My Father

Belonging is a paradoxical concept illustrating an individuals champion of inclusions and exclusion simultaneously. This is intelligible in Raimond Gaitas memoir Romulus My father as the individuals Romulus, Raimond and Christine experience the self-propelling changes evident in the concept of belong to place, corporation and conjunction. Armin Greder likewise explores the runny and dynamic nature of belong by dint of his see book The Island by dint of the isolation of the protagonist in spite of appearance the confine workforcets of the island. The inclusion or exclusion from a community is shaped by hu homosexual prejudices and tolerances.The biographical examination of Romulus life with in the text RMF, illustrates his rejection and acceptance within the community of Baringhup. Romulus immigrant status shows the division between the new immigrants and the Australians, as the immigrants are labored into a camp. This camp offered shelter and food, though it also offere d an opportunity for belong through shared experiences and cultures, He asked the man who greeted new arrivals whether there were any(prenominal) other Romanians He sought them out and they quickly greeted. Although un received by the Australians, Romulus is able to find other immigrants who he is able to connect with and influence relationships, creating a family society between them. Through Romulus adoption of the Australian put up Jack he begins to connect to the social milieu of Baringhup though hinder by his unfamiliar morals and values which are not accepted by the Australian community. The strong prejudices of the Australian community are evident in the event of the fire, when Romulus attempts to scare the snake out of the grass through setting alight of the grass.This event causes the exclusion of Romulus in the community responding with the find datum of an immigrant he set fire to the stook showing the intolerance of the community and dialecting the impression tha t he (Romulus) will never be accepted in the Australian community. Yet through Romulus contribution to the community through his ironwork and hardworking wittiness he is able to be accepted into the community, evidently showing the inapposite nature of belong.Similarly, Armin Graders picture book The Island is a metaphorical method of accounting of the way prejudices and fear create artificial barriers between people, which are utilize to exclude others to ensure protection. Shown his miss of clothing the protagonist is identified as noncitizen on the island. Through the 4 panelled images we see the alien attempt integrating into society by performing civilised jobs, such cooking, carpentry, and interpret in the local church.Though in each of these images the man is depicted in an obscure manner, such as a devil in the choir, showing his exclusion of the individual while performing average tasks of the community, illustrating how be to self, controls an individuals sense o f belonging to society, and emphasising the fluid nature of belonging. referable to the social convention the community on the island and the fear evoked by the foreigner, the islanders construct a wall.This wall symbolises the islanders sense of inclusion to each other as a community and a grouping which protects and supports each other. It also prevents the islanders from receiving the resources from the ocean, which is one of the main sources of the island livelihood. This artificial wall acts as a barrier to the islands inclusions with the outer world, in time allows the sense of belonging within the confinements of the wall to strengthen.This symbolic use of the wall, illustrates the paradoxical concept of belonging and the dynamic changes within the concept. An individuals belonging to society and community is only achieved through a sense of belong to place. Throughout the memoir, Gaita utilises the surrounding environment as a vehicle to explore the concept of Romulus and Raimonds belonging to the community. He longed for the lavish and soft European foliage, but the eucalypts of Baringhup seemed symbols of deprivation and bareness. The blackball emotive linguistic process shows the negative feelings Romulus has towards the Australian landscape illustrating his lack of connection to the land, thus the lack of connection to the community. In contrast although Raimond is positioned as an outcast by turkey cock Lillie because of his un-Australian like action, Raimond is able to achieve a connection to the land through his lyrical description of the landscape The scraggy shapes and sparse foliage rattling became the foci for my sense of its beauty and everything else fell into place. This connection allows Raimond to feel a sense of inclusion within the community as they share a commonplace love for the land. The dwelling at Frogmore served to shape Raimonds sense of belonging by providing place in which his relationship which his father could gro w and develop, it also provided him with a constant place where he knew he could feel accepted. Although to Christina the student residence at Frogmore becomes a symbol of her unacceptance to the family society she could not settle in a dilapidated farmhouse in a landscape that highlighted her isolation.She longed for company The negative connotations surround the words dilapidated and isolated reinforce the misery that Frogmore and emphasis he disconnection to place, in the one location where she should belong, exemplifying how the exalted of belonging is fluid and dynamic. It is the essence of place that the islanders attempt to maintain during Armin Greders text The Island. The close knit community of the island are fearful when the foreigner lands on the shore of their land.Through the singular sentence on the low gear page He wasnt like them it is evident that he foreigner was challenging their sense of identity. Through the silent image of the rough ocean the foreigners iso lation is emphasised. Shown through the protagonists lack of clothing the mans disconnection to the land, his skeletal frame contrasted to the large well-nourished men of the island, emphasis his non-belonging and questions the islanders fears towards the weak man.The argufy of their land everywhere humanity ultimately results in the men, killing one of their own and direct the foreigner back into the ocean. This illustrates the negative effects of belonging and non-belong, and stresss the paradoxical nature of belonging as the islanders belong to the community yet excluded themselves from the sea illustrating a consequence of belonging to community is loss of place. indoors both texts RMF and The Island, Gaita and Greder present the concept of belonging as of a fluid and dynamic nature. This paradoxical nature of belonging illustrates an individuals sense of inclusion and/or exclusion simultaneously, as the protagonists are faced with the challenge of not belonging within a soci ety yet conflicted by the sense of belonging to place concurrently, evidently showing the concept of belonging within place, society and community.

Cosi HSC practice essay Essay

Discuss how Nowras status on personal relationships is conveyed in Cosi. The shirk Cosi by Louis Nowra is an emotional portrayal of personal relationships in a Melbourne noetic institution ostracised by baseball club. Throughout the play Nowras perspective on personal relationships develops and changes through character relationships and develop ment, especially the development of the main booster Lewis. Nowra conveys his perspective on personal relationships through themes such as the importance of love and faithfulness, the empowerment of women and learning and self-development.Techniques such as symbolism, intertextuality and lineage ar also used to advance highlight Nowras perspective. Nowras perspective on personal relationships is primarily shown through the character Lewis and his personal relationships with other characters in the play, especially in his relationship with his girlfriend Lucy. Act Two, survey Two which features a confrontation between Lewis and Luc y on their relationship is substantial in showing this. In this scene, Lucy comes to pick Lewis up to take him to the moratorium impact and Lewis must decide between staying for the play and going with Lucy.Nowras look on the importance of the endureence of love and faithfulness in a relationship is shown when Lewis says to Lucy Its about important things like love and fidelity. Intertextuality is used here through Lewis character development and change of set that is evident in this line. This change occurred through his participation in the employment of Cosi Fan Tutte with the patients and his exposure to the themes in the play. The women in both Cosi Fan Tutte and Cosi are often compared with the Arabian Phoenix which acts a symbol for a fair sexs persistence or fidelity.A womans constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix. Everyone swears it exists, but no one has seen it. This is quoted by Lewis to Lucy to further convey Nowras belief in the importance of love and fidelity in a relationship. As Cosi was written in a succession where a huge social change was occurring and women were beginning to have much sexual freedom with the invention he birth control pill, a lot of aspects of the play focus on the empowerment of women and the double standards that exist between and women in society especially when it comes to fidelity.This is shown in Nowras contrast of Act Two, Scene One and Act Two, Scene, Two. In Scene One, Lewis is traitorous as he kisses Julie but in Act Two he reprimands Lucy for sleeping with Nick failing to mention his own infidelities. Intertextuality is used in this scene when Lewis claims that a womans constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix, revealing his hypocrisy. Through Lewis condemnation, Nowra demonstrates that, although modern society has become more sexually lenient, there are still double standards that occur which condone mens fidelity but condemn womens fidelity.It is revealed that Nowra believes that men and women should be equal not only in relationships but in society too. Julie articulates the message at the beginning of the play when she says that men want women to stag them because it will prove their worst thoughts about women which in contrast is sustain by Lewis attitude towards Lucys infidelities.

Universal Grammar

Modern universal grammar is a lead of the advancement of evolutionary psychology as portrayed by Charles Darwins evolutionary theories. Darwin believed that evolutionary psychology gave the human race its first domineering way of understanding ourselves. Grammar, while varying by language, is understood to be a systematic and proper for humans to communicate with each new(prenominal) and its use a result of natural selection given the youtube video, Charles Darwins Legacy.In Charles Darwins Legacy Richard Levins, a professor at the Harvard check of Public Health, stated that, there has always been a tradition which tended to appearance for a place for everything and everything in its place. Grammar fits this description as a human tradition which has create by mental actd based on the language and alternative of the elite. For example, 19th century aristocrats utilized far more advanced grammar than the operative class of the same era whom some likely used tiny to no gramma r structure whatsoever.Before the separation of human beings by social and frugal status, the only thing people needed to communicate with one another(prenominal) were words. Over the centuries communication in itself has become a dull trait. maven can not simply communicate, but must have the acquisition of communication. This is the foundation of how universal grammar was beated. In addition, Darwin was a firm believer of the eugenics movements and as such believed that important people bred important people. The logic behind this narration makes sense when related to language considering that ones young would most likely speak the language of their parents. As such, if the elite were to develop a systematic form of written language, such as grammar, then their offspring would not only continue the usage of said grammar, but develop and add on to the established. In time grammar will continue to evolve and its development will alter by each generation.

Density Lab Report

Density is defined by its heap per unit pile, and is most often written in mathematical ground as d = m / vMass is usually given in grams, g, and stack is given in cubic centimeters, g/cm3, or, grams per milliliter, g/mL. Density is non a property that depends upon the amount of substance present. For example, unitary gram of bear and one ton of lead have the same tightness. Density similarly does depend on temperature. For instance cold wet is denser than warm weewee ice is less dense than both. The method personad for determining the dumbness of a substance depends on the nature of the substance. In this lab the densities of unfathomable irregularly shaped solids and liquids was rigid.Accuracy and precision of the results get out be estimated, and attention will be paid to the correct use of the significant figures. The experiment flack that will be used will tell the can and vividness of the alloy and liquid determined by measuring these two quantities with a gr aduated cylinder and biuret. Procedurea) The density of surfacesFirst I obtained a criterion of unknown metal. Recording the unknown number. I used only one type of metal for this part of the experiment.The unknown metal that I was instructed to use was a chunk, therefore, I used a 50ml graduated cylinder. When using the 50ml cylinder, I filled it with peeing to round the 35ml mark. so record the exact volume of water that was added. I placed the cylinder and water on the relief and save the mass to every 0.1g. I added the metal to the graduated cylinder until the water level increased by approximately 2.0ml. Being received to tap the sides of the cylinder to release any air bubbles. I wherefore recorded the volume of the water plus metal to the nearest 0.1mL.Then recorded the total mass of the cylinder, water and metal. I added more pieces of metal to the cylinder until the water level had increased by 2.5ml. Then I recorded the exact volume of water plus metal and total mass of cylinder, water and metal. I repeated the procedure twice more. Being cautious not to go over the 50ml mark. And recording the data each time.CalculationsI determined the total volume of metal in the cylinder by subtracting the volume of water from the volume of water plus metal. Then ensnare the corresponding mass of metal by subtracting the mass of the cylinder and water from the mass of the cylinder, water and metal. I plotted out the graph display the total mass of metal on the y-axis, and the volume on the x-axis. I found the slope of the line by taking two ergodic points from the graph, performing the slope formula and finding the density. From the table provided, I identify the unknown metal to be smooth-spoken.b). Determining the density of a water/ethanol mixture.I obtained an unknown solution from the instructor. Then recorded the number of the solution.Then I rinsed a burette with a little of the ethanol solution, and filled the buret with that same solution . I read the buret level to the nearest 0.05ml. Then weighed an empty 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. I turned the knob of the buret and put approximately 23.4ml of solution into the flask. I read the buret again, to 0.05ml and recorded.Next I weighed the flask and its contents, by placing the flask on the balance and recording the temperature of the solution. I then determined the density of the solution by taking the mass of solution and dividing it by the volume of solution. Repeating the procedure twice more using a clean flask and the same balance each time.CalculationsFor each of the triad trials I calculated the density of the solution and determined the mean, average divergency from the mean, percent precision and the range. I then drew a calibration curve from the data given on page 17 of my science lab Manual.DiscussionBased on the value of my density, and based on the literature determine given on page 16 of my Laboratory Manual, the unknown metal is silver. The density I ha d obtained from the slope of the graph was 9.09g/mL. I then compared my density to the chart given, looking for a similar density. The density of my unknown metal was not exact with a particular metal given inthe chart, but I kept in mind that the density of silver can vary depending of the state it is in.Error AnalysisThe possible sources of error in finding the density of the unknown metal and liquid would have to be my consistency throughout the experiment. I had approximated with my bare eye and was not consistently exact. Therefore, there was an inaccuracy in reading the volume displaced from the graduated cylinder and the biuret.

Blue Cross Blue Shield

The Changing Face of disconsolate wipe gentle riddle Betty Bogart Kaplan University Author Note Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Betty Bogart, Student, Kaplan University, 1801 einsteinium Kimberly Road, Davenport IA 52807. The Changing Face of vipers bugloss featherbed Blue Shield Since their intro as individual companies in the early twentieth century, Blue Cross Blue Shield has grown to become one of the largest insurance companies in the United States. Blue Cross reporting for hospital oversee and Blue Shield coverage for physician visits grew to national coverage separately before merging to skeletal system the Association we know today.In 1929 Justin Ford Kimb each(prenominal) highly-developed a program to cover teachers for hospital treatment. It guaranteed them 21 days of hospital oversee for $6 dollars per year. This program was later extended to encompass other employee groups early in Dallas then nationally. The program became Blu e Cross. The first Blue Cross Baby was born in a hospital in Dunham, join Carolina. This was the first birth in America to be covered by a health insurance certificate that included maternity benefits. In 1939 the American Hospital Association adopted the Blue Cross figure for plans meeting certain requirements.The ties with the AHA were severed in 1970. In the early 20th century employers in mining and lumber camps of the Pacific Northwest developed a plan to cover employees by paying monthly fees to bureaus tranquil of groups of physicians. Officially the first Blue Shield Plan was implemented in California in 1939. The plan grew and was adopted by the Associated Medical allot Plan, a group of nine separate plans. Later the plan was renamed the subject field Association of Blue Shield Plans.Both programs grew to national coverage as the lease for medical insurance continued to grow with industry. The two companies merged to form Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association in 198 2. At the time the company was defined as coverage under fond welfare plans and was thus tax exempt. In 1986 the tax reform deed of conveyance labeled the company a 501(m) organization which would be subject to federal official taxation with special tax benefits under IRC 833. Following this change, BCBSA changed its policies to allow its licensees to be for-profit corporations.In 1984 the nations first heart transplant covered by Blue Shield Association was performed in Stanford University Hospital. This would pave the way for BCBSA to bring ab extinct the Blue Cross and Blue Shield National displace communicate which would become the Blue Quality Centers for Transplant. Today it includes 60 transplant centers nationally and covers transplants for heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, bone marrow, and stem cell. In the mid 1990s the Balanced budget Act added the Medicare+Choice program. This allowed beneficiaries multiple health plans to choose from.By 2000, BCBSA processed the maj ority of Medicare claims. These claims alone totaled over 163 billion. In 2003 over 88 one thousand thousand Americans were covered by BCBSA liscensees. Today 38 companies comprise the BCBSA system which provides coverage for nearly 100 cardinal people including all 50 states, the territory of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Nationwide over 95% of hospitals and over 90% of captain providers contract directly with BCBSA companies. Coverage through BCBSA now includes the largest privately underwritten health insurance contract in the world.The FEP (Federal Employment Program) covers more than 5 million federal government employees, dependants, and retirees. The world of health care is an always changing one and BCBSA is no different. From starting as two separate teeny-weeny programs to growing into a leader in health care and technology, this experience is an excellent example of how far the industry has grown and how far weve advanced in this country and as humans in general. From transplant look for and technology to Medicare, BCBSA continues to stay at the head of the field in all aspects.From their humble origins of trial programs, Blue Cross and Blue Shield catch always been on the cutting edge of new health care and technology. As one of the largest insurance Associations in the United states, BCBSA has continued to mend the quality of health care in the United States. Advancements such as Blue Cross & Blue Shield National Transplant Network and Technologies Evaluation Center have proven the companies drive to continually improve health care in the United States.The biggest concern I have for the future of health care would be affordability. Some families tranquillize live paycheck to paycheck barely scraping by and the coiling cost of health care and health insurance remains out of reach for them. Veterans and elderly benefits are cut to maintain cost plot of ground leaving some unfortunates behind. Un-insured people in America was a swag 50 mi llion in 2010 leading most to believe that something moldiness be done to keep health insurance and health care affordable to everyone.No one should have to suffer without a physicians care simply due to lack of insurance. References Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (http//www. bcbs. com/about-the-association) Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois (http//bcbsil. com/) Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employee Program (http//fepblue. org/) CNN Money (http//money. cnn. com/) Scott P. Serota, chief executive officer Blue Cross and Blue Shield (http//www. bcbs. com/about-the-association/officers/scott-serota. html)

Mockingbird: Racism and White Community Essay

Also exploited by racism and its repercussions, Helen Robinson, Toms wife, suffered in the aftermath of her economises trial and death. Widowed, she must raise her children, maintain her household and fail to make a living for herself. Because she is black, a wo spell, and the wife of a man accused of raping a white woman, Helen has a really difficult age finding work. This is because of the racism in the white community of Maycomb. The only soulfulness who will hire her is Mr. data link Deas, Toms former employer.He does not really indispensability Helens services, but fells magnanimous near what happened to Tom and he is one of the few decent people in Maycomb where coloured people are cin one caserned. He doesnt really need her, but he said he felt right bad about the way things turned out. (TKAM, pg. 248-249). However, Helen does not escape the touch of racism. On her way to work one morning, cork Ewell follows Helen, crooning foul speech communication at her, for n o reason other than she was Toms wife and he was racist.Although he does not attack her, Helen is terrified of him. Thoroughly frightened, she telephoned Mr. Link at his store, which was not too far from his house (TKAM, pg. 256). Mr. Link Deas makes bobsleigh Ewell leave Helen alone, but she is still frightened of him. Her life has become very difficult due to the effects of racism. In a different way, cork Ewell himself is destroyed by racism. The racism that sparked Tom Robinsons trial slip bys Bob Ewell to harbour a repugnance against Atticus and Judge Taylor, both of whom make him look foolish.He attempts, but fails to burgle John Taylors house. subsequent on, he attacks Atticuss children to exact his revenge on Atticus. A grudge born of racism, courage born of whiskey, and arrogant pride lead to his attack on Jem and Scout, but Arthur Radley comes to the childrens aid. In the struggle, Bob Ewell is killed. It was the grudge he held based on racist beliefs that cause his d eath. Some may call it justice, some may not, but the irony is undeniable.Of all the wasteful powers humans possess, none ruin other lives and destroy our humanity kinda like racism does. This is proven in To Kill a flouter by the fates of Tom and Helen Robinson and their tormentor, Bob Ewell. It is unfair that prejudices based on a persons skin colour should wreak such massacre on their lives, and yet it was once commonplace. Although less evident today than it once was, racism remains just as destructive and just as unnecessary.

Implications of Business Process Management for Operations Management Essay

Implications of trade come ongrowth wariness for operations get hold laidment Colin Armistead and Simon MachinThe moving in School at Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK Introduction operations attention is concerned with the focal point of the great unwashed, executees, technology and different resourcefulnesss in order to produce goods and services. in that respect is a resonance from operations get laidment into crinkle puzzle out re-engineering (BPR) of the regale paradigm and of the concepts and techniques of designing, managing and improving working(a) deales. Doubtless(prenominal) much merchant ship be learned from operations focussing for the activity of BPR1. But crease demonstrate vigilance is more than only when BPR utilise to operable act up atomic number 53s. What atomic number 18 the implications of the wider good will of crinkle mouldes for operations concern and can the concepts and techniques from operations management be carr y only applied to either types of bank line cognitive influencees?This makeup introduces the concepts of course kneades and business surgery management, and reports findings from inter ingests in four governing bodys which ar continuing to develop their blastes to managing physical work ones. These findings argon because thoughted within a sorting of business figure outes, by flair of explore propositions. Finally, implications for operations management atomic number 18 discussed. What argon business servees? avocation motiones can be thought of as a series of interconnected activities, crossing functional boundaries with inputs and outputs. Why are they outstanding and why are organizations moving to adopt burn upes to explicitly manage by business transitiones? Reasons include2 that the routine sight allows increasing flexibility in organizations to meet changing extraneous demands addresses the speed to market of new products and services and the responsiveness to the demands of customers facilitates the decline of cost facilitates increased delivery reliability and helps address the fiber of products and services in terms of their consistency and force. fulfilles are crack up of the philosophy of total timbre management (TQM)3. Both the Malcolm Baldrige National grapheme Award4 and the European global diary of Operations & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Production oversight, Vol. 17 no. 9, 1997, pp. 886-898. MCB University Press, 0144-3577Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) copy5, on which the European Implications of Quality Award is based, give personal manner at their heart the viewation of business business bear upon cognitive processes. Such models expect the identification of processes, the management management of these processes with polish up and targetary, innovation and creativity applied to processes and the management of process smorgasbord. A second route that leads organizations to consider their business processes 887 is BPR6-9 which promotes the radical change of business processes. whatsoever permit illustrated the complementary temperament of BPR and TQM10, others the conflict11. Regardless of this, the fact is that organizations come to consider their business processes through TQM, or through BPR, or potentially through two avenues. What is business process management?There is considerable debate virtually what business process management means and how organizations interpret the business process paradigm2,12. patronage process management can non be considered simply as BPR. Rather it is concerned with how to manage processes on an ongoing basis, and non just with the one-off radical changes associated with BPR. But how are organizations actually managing their business processes? What nestes have they developed? What lessons have they learned and what can be drawn from their experiences? The aim of the re take care describe in this paper is to address such querys by considering organizations at the leading edge of process management. Methodology A qualitative methodology was adopted in conducting the research. During a pilot form interviews were conducted in four organizations TSB Rank Xerox Kodak and Birds centre Walls.This, coupled with experience of the go up within Royal Mail, led to an sign sense of the cuddlees existence adopted by organizations13. This was followed by besides interviews in four organizations (including within a different part of Rank Xerox), and it is these that figure the basis of the findings describe in this paper. The four organizations, in this second form of interviews, were (1) Rank Xerox European Quality Award (EQA) winners in 1992 (2) notel Netas, a subsidiary of Nortel, were EQA winners in 1996 (3) Texas Instruments EQA winners in 1995 (4) Hewlett-Packard who do non use the EFQM model, yet have been using their own Quality Maturity System for several(prenominal)( prenominal) years, with many similarities to the EFQM model, including the profound role of processes. While these organizations are at change stages of their undertake to business process management they can be considered polished against many criteria (including process management), as shown above, and the findings and lessons derived from the research should inform other organizations which are just starting their uprise to process management.IJOPM 17,9888In two cases the quality director of the UK operation was interviewed in one case the participant was the business process manager in another the participant was a direct report to a service director. We consider that the roles and experience of the participants make viable sensible comparison among the organizations, based on the interviews. Semi- unified open-ended interviews (typically of among two and 3 hours), based on the ideas rising from the pilot interviews, were carried out in severally organization. The int erviews were back up by other documentation from each organization which include process maps, formulation cloths and organizational expressions. Interviews were transcribed and the transcriptions use as the basis for outline. Each interview transcription was read and examined several times and lists of concepts developed14. A cognitive map15 of all four interviews was then constructed presentation the concepts emerging from the data and how the concepts informed on each other (based on the erudition of the authors). Concepts were then clustered, with sestet clusters, or themes, readily appearing.The clusters were then study against the transcripts from the pilot interviews and documentary material from the case organizations to batten consistency of findings. Findings The six clusters emerging from the research we have labelled organization coordination process translation organization structuring ethnic get advance measurement. While nigh of these aptitude not be novel in themselves we discuss them first each and then as a set. Organization co-ordination One property associated with business processes is their end-to-end nature. They start with input at the business limit point and desist with outputs from the business boundary. Hence their cross-functional nature and, implicit in this, is their ability to desegregate and co-ordinate activity. For ex adenylic acidle, a fracture way to think about process is that it is an organizing concept that pulls together absolutely everything necessary to deliver some weighty component of strategic value16. It is possibly not surprising so that a strong theme emerging from the interviews was that the process paradigm provides an draw near for co-ordination crosswise the whole organization.This integration through the use of business processes is perhaps most simply illustrated by the fact that participants, in describing their barbeles to business process management, described how they run and organize their entire business. The co-ordination took a number of forms. For example, business process management was strongly positioned in the overall go upes to business planning adopted by the organizations. This was illustrated in one organization with their long- and medium-term plans explicitly associate to annual plans for their cardinal processes. Business process management also provided an approach for integration through increased friendship within the organizations (for example, about strategic counsel), without the look at for bureaucratic procedures or hierarchical controlImplications of business process The concepts of business processes emerged as providing a link amidst the management sort out of the organization and activity at the lower aims the bit in the snapper. Central to this is the concept of different take aims of processes and typically the organizations reported having identified three or four levels of process from the net-level compute r architecture through to the single(a) or designate level. In providing the co-ordination crosswise the organization, the importance of managing the boundaries of processes was strongly emphasized. One organization, for example, was addressing these boundary issues between their processes through the use of networks of individuals representing the interests of their process.They apply networks around each process to formulate and implement system, and identified which processes have boundary issues with other processes. Individuals from one process network then attend meetings of the other process networks on this boundary to address the potential issues. Without some form of co-ordination between processes, changes in one process could also lead to changes in performance of other processes such that strategic goals would be compromised, typically in the areas of quality and costs. exactly what we were trying to do was create a very free environment, a very innovative envi ronment, but an environment where we knew exactly where we were going.889 mental process description ofttimes of the literature on managing processes is concerned with process approach17,18 and this is typically direct at how to improve the actual operation of processes. However, a view express during the interviews was that the real value derived from the process approach is through the sense and increment of an approach at higher levels within the organizations, quite than simply process improvement activity at the task or group level. Nevertheless, these organizations know that they struggled with this and acknowledged that, in reality, the understanding of processes was oft still at the task level, with a natural tendency for procedure writing.Approaches to help overcome this included communication across the different levels of the organization to develop common understanding (and, in particular, to develop better understanding between process owners and process oper atives) and a point within process flowcharts on value step and decision points, together with the definition and management of process boundaries. operation flowcharting is often presented as a panacea for understanding and managing processes, but some organizations reported problems with applying the methodology to all processes the methodology of flowcharting is OK for consistent, regularly operated, reliable processes it is not that useful for processes that are very iterative and processes that run infrequently, the more daedal processes.Certainly the organizations were coming to realize that such process maps in themselves were not sufficient people talked a lot about process re-engineering and all they ever did was diddle around with process maps, and they didnt really get the big picture.IJOPM 17,9andwe have used a flow-charting methodology widely deployed across the companywe have still got a lot of problems though in terms of processes gathering dust on the shelf.890 Also, while the organizations recognized the inquire to specify processes beneath their high level processes, the guide certainly did not emerge to map all processes to the same level or detail. It would be unusual to go to an entity and show all the processes in detail to all depths.In general, the drive appeared to be to use business process management more as a long-term and living tool than just a remedial tool for short circuit-term, tactical issues. Long-term plans were take oned for processes to change the process owners to focus on the future requirements of their processes. Also on that point was the need to develop methodologies other than flowcharting to escort a more holistic approach to business process management, and to directly consider the process of managing processes. Organizational structuring Much has been written about the role of processes in structuring organizations and, in particular, the festering of naiant organizations coordinate strictly aroun d processes2,19,20.In general, the organizations interviewed in this research appeared to be taking a less radical view. Instead they had developed matrix-based organizations between functions and processes, and tended to adjust their functional structure to align with their identified processes. They thus proverb processes as simply another dimension of the organization structure21. Indeed they seemed to have implicitly balanced the dimensions of autonomy/co-ordination, motivation/ control and efficiency/learning22 and in doing so derived the matrix structure. This perhaps also reflects other organizational paradoxes23. Their reasoning was influenced by a view that personal relationships were the expose to effective organizations, as much as the formal, imposed structure. Processes were seen to provide a framework for these relationships in terms of body-building understanding and common approach across the organization.This framework was reported to help establish empower ment in a structured way, matching level of empowerment with control and support. Hence the entering of the process dimension into their structure. However, they were unwilling to do away with the functional dimension, due to the perception that functions better supported the actual personal relationships within the framework of processes and better supported specialist expertise people presumet ineluctably align with processes, they align with other people, and entities and organizations. People taket go to parties on processesandif you start bashing on about process organizations, and youve got to do away with the silos, and the function and so onyoure denying it in a way something to do with that relationship side of things.This has a resonance with reports that drives to process-based organizations Implications of can be ineffective if the personal relationship and cultural aspects are business process overlooked24. management These matrix structures were regarded as relat ively unstable13 with a tendency to mess up back to a functional structure, or to move too removed towards a process focus, but the organizations saw the role of their quality professionals 891 as the catalyst to experience balance between functions and processes. More interesting is that, in these matrix-based organizations, in that location appeared to be no desire to move towards a purely process-based structure, with the matrix recognized as a desirable state, enabling unvarying and efficient reorganization through its flexibility.Inevitably the matrix adds complexity, but it seems that these organizations are willing to trade this complexity against the flexibility and personal relationship aspects supported by the matrix structure. One organization did, however, report a  totally process-based structure, and this did appear to support a high ground level of simplicity against the complexity of the matrix approach. There may therefore be value for organizations in exp licitly considering the trade-offs between processes and functions in forming their approach. Regardless of the process/function structure, the approach of process groups and process owners at different levels of the processes was common. Cultural fit finish is an ambiguous concept which is difficult to define25. However, most organizations have some persuasion of their finis, and this was the case in all four organizations, where culture had an implicit meaning. It is an important concept in thinking about organizations since people and processes must trustfulness to produce output. However, within the organizations, processes were not seen as a constraint, instead, as reported above, as providing a framework for empowerment.There emerged a general view that the overall approach to business process management needed to fit initially with the culture of the organization, and allow that culture to be maintained, at to the lowest degree in the short term. This is not to say that there was not a longer-term clinical to address culture, but culture drove the appropriate initial approach thats why it works well, because were a extremely empowered organization, and a team of people are comfortable workings as a team, so bringing them together for a process team is perfectly easy all we had to do was teach them the tools to do it and a bit of flowcharting and away they go. But that fits well with the culture.This is in stark(a) contrast to some business process re-engineering approaches which may often be insensitive to culture or may have an ready objective of changing culture26. Where BPR was deployed in the organizations it tended to be positioned as part of the overall approach to business process management, for example, alongside process stabilization and persisting improvement, rather than instead of. When used in this context, there were examples of culture change for littler organization groupings. There were alsoIJOPM 17,9892examples where the f ailure of BPR initiatives was directly attributed to a culture within the organization which so strongly supported constant, but incremental, change that radical change, as proposed by BPR was rejected. All four of the organizations embraced TQM and, in particular, continuous improvement. The concept and language of teams and teams of teams27 featured strongly, with rewards and realization often cogitate to team performance. The formation of cross-functional teams in improving processes happened naturally in these organizations, and appeared critical to the mastery of their approach in managing processes. Improvement through business process management Unsurprisingly the interviews supported a drive within the organizations to constantly improve processes and this is reflected in the above discussions of culture.Examples of specific approaches included the use of benchmarking to understand and set outflank practices and the development of compendiums and databases of best practi ces and the linkage of improvements to assessments against European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), Baldrige and other quality models. While BPR was clearly used in some of the organizations (indeed Texas Instruments and Rank Xerox are well known for their re-engineering work) this tended to be talked about more at the process simplification or process improvement end of the spectrum of definitions placed on BPR28-30 you would not change the overall process radically in a short space of time, but for people (in the process) I think it is a drastic step.andI would not have a bun in the oven the total process radically changing over a short space of time because one could not manage it, so you have to move forward in sizeful go at each part of the process.One organization reported benefits through using human resource professionals alongside process engineers on BPR projects to keep some sanity in what the re-engineering was doing. Measurement and business process manageme nt Measurement is a key principle to managing processes18 with the need to identify trends, assess stability, determine whether customer requirements are actually met and drive improvement.This was confirmed by the interviews and measurement emerged as central to successful approaches to business process management. There seemed to be a actual attitude of living and breathing measurement within the organizations if you cant actually get good metrics you wont manage a process, so its absolutely fundamental to managing a process.andif we dont define the metrics weve had it.Increasing importance was being habituated to customer satisfaction and customer Implications of loyalty measures and there was a recognition of the importance of developing business process efficiency measures for the processes as distant to just measuring whether management processes actually delivered. There was also a drive towards examining the tails of distributions of the measures (process variation) n ot just average values, consistent with the view of statistical process control31,32. 893 One danger that was reported is related to the level issues discussed above detailed measures were implemented into lower-level process maps, directly related to processes, as one would hope however, this resulted in a large number of measures that it was then difficult to prioritize, because, at a higher level, measures had not been (or had not been properly) defined.A particularly interesting approach to measurement was in one organization where they had established business fundamentals as performance measures on key processes, deployed worldwide and at all levels. All professional staff in the organization have business fundamentals which are deliverable, cost, customer or people measures, but self-driven measurements rather than management-driven measurements. These business fundamentals are linked to the key processes, and individuals self-assess their progress against these, using a sim ple rating scale. every quarter there is then a formal review across the organization against the business fundamentals.The same approach is used to track individual performance, performance against plans, and process performance, providing an integrated approach to measurement across the organization, and a strong illustration of integrating process measures with other organizational measures. Process categorization Different categorizations of processes have been proposed in the literature28. For example the CIM-OSA Standards33 use the categorization of manage, operate and support. In describing processes we have found a categorization into operational, support, solicitude ambit and managerial processes to be useful (see number 1). The separation of direction setting and managerial processes is driven by two considerationsOperationalmanagerial Direction setting SupportFigure 1. Categorization of business processesIJOPM 17,9894(1) on a practical level models, such as the EFQM model, adopted by organizations, separately identify leadership from policy and strategy formulation and (2) the strategy literature regards development of strategy as a process in its own right34,35. Operational processes are the way in which work gets through with(p) within an organization, to produce goods and services. These processes are the ones which have been the subject of much of the focus to date in TQM and BPR. They run across the organization and are associated with outcomes such as product development or order fulfilment. They are recognized in the ideas of integrated turn in chains and logistics and in simultaneous engineering and are part of justin-time approaches. The same ideas for improvement in flow and reduction in cycle times come through into service organizations in the practices of BPR. Support processes are those which enable the operational processes.They are concerned with the cooking of support technology, or systems, with personnel and human resourc e management, and with accounting management. Direction-setting processes are concerned with setting strategy for the organization, its markets and the location of resources as well as managing change within the organization. Direction-setting processes involve a mix of the prescribed steps within a formal planning process and also less well-defined frameworks. Managerial processes are to some extent superscript to the other categories and contain the decision-making and communication activities. For example, the entrepreneurial, competence-building and renewal processes proposed by Ghoshal and Bartlett20 are managerial processes. Some organizations have tried to formalize these processes and have adopted a structured approach to, for example, decision making and communication. This categorization, like any other, does not needfully fit with the view taken by all organizations (for example, some organizations would position the direction setting processes as part of their opera tional processes) but it provides a useful framework for discussion of the research findings, and for describing propositions for further research.Discussion and propositions arising from the research The six clusters identified in the findings of organization co-ordination process definition, organization structuring, cultural fit, improvement and measurement can be considered in the light of these process definitions. The issue of process definition at a top level is a view of how organizations work to satisfy strategic intents. The translation of top-level architecture into an operational reality is influenced by aspects of organizational culture which affect both organizational co-ordination and organizational structure. In no cases is the disappearance of functions apparent rather the functional organization is replaced by a matrix structure. This form of organizational structure derives its co-ordinating strength from the formation of cross-functional teams. The issues ofmeas urement and improvement reflected in the findings honour the need for Implications of effective measurement which drives process improvement in a form which co- business process ordinates and prioritizes activity something which many organizations find management difficult. The findings suggest that taking a business process management approach is one way to overcome some of the difficulties. It is our observation that organizations in approach business process 895 management tend to initially address their operational processes, then move to focus on support processes, while continuing to improve their operational processes, and next to focus on direction setting processes while continuing to improve operational and support processes.Thus there is a similarity to the operations management sandcone model, as proposed by Ferdows and De Meyer36, used to show that cost reduction relies on the cumulative foundation of improvement in objectives. We propose that an organizations appr oach to process management is similarly constituted by its approach across process categories, and that to build a stable sandcone the approach to, first, operational processes must be created (see Figure 2). This proposal has practical value, since it is the operational processes that directly impact on customers and so can yield quick benefits. Thus attention to the operational processes ensures expertness of delivery attention then moves to encompass support processes, since these in turn away ensure the capability of the operational processes attention to the direction setting processes recognizes that capability can only be maintained with good direction setting. The superordinate nature of managerial processes positions them outside the sandcone, with influences from the other categories.This sandcone model for business processes implies further propositions based on our findings. P1 As organizations develop their approach to business process management, moving through the s andcone, the justness of techniques will change. Flowcharting methods are well tried in understanding operational and some support processes. However, the organizations in this frame of our research were discovering that such methods were inflexible for other types of process.Operational Operational + support Operational + support + direction settingFigure 2. A sandcone model for developing approaches to business process managementIJOPM 17,9896The appropriate methodology for understanding the managerial and directionsetting processes may lie in the fields of systems thinking37 and business dynamics38 and the shape of a process for managing such processes needs further attention. Thus the appropriateness of soft mapping techniques increases as an organization moves through the sandcone. P2 As organizations move through the sandcone there is an increasing impact on organization structure, with the need to address structural changes to reap the benefits from the process approach . Increasingly organizations will need to consider organization design as an explicit, rather than implicit, activity to ensure organizational effectivity. This need not necessitate a move towards a complete process-based structure, but may mean a trade-off between process and functional structures39. This trade-off includes the need to consider factors such as personal relationships and cultural aspects. For example, in some organizations a purely processbased structure will be appropriate while in others the process-function matrix approach will be best utilized.P 3 We propose that there is an increasing need for maturity in TQM throughout the organization to ensure a successful process paradigm, as the organization moves through the sandcone. This raises the immediate question as to whether TQM is a necessity before a process-based approach can be effectively initiated. Certainly all organizations in this phase of our research had developed a TQM-based culture. It also raises qu estions as to whether the continual application of the radical end of the BPR spectrum28-30 makes it impossible to address all process categories, with the associated deficiency of care for the human dimension and resulting demoralized workforce. P4 We propose that the degree of co-ordination across the organization increases with moves through the sandcone. As the process approach spreads through the sandcone it forces the question of what integration actually means for an organization and clarifies the requirements for coordination.This is readily understood for operational processes, with a key element being the elimination of barriers to flow. The co-ordination includes the need for a co-ordinated approach to measurement (an example is illustrated in the measurement section above). tho implications for operations management There is a clear message emerging from this research of the need to manage the boundaries between the categories of processes and between the processes the mselves. The appropriate approach will be determined by the category of process being addressed and organizations may find the sandcone logic useful in placing their veritable position. There are different requirements at different points in the sandcone knowledge and understanding of process flowcharting techniques at one end of the spectrum through to knowledge andunderstanding of softer mapping techniques the need to consider the Implications of appropriate organization structure and trade-offs between process- and business process function-based structures the degree of maturity in TQM the degree of comanagement ordination desirable and possible and, in particular, the need for a co-ordinated approach to measurement. The research supports a view that there is a need to consider performance 897 improvement methods and concepts such as TQM, lean production and supply and agile manufacturing in a wider context, as applied to all business processes, and not just operational process es with the associated need to manage the interfaces between operations management and other disciplines. References 1. 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Davenport, T.H., Process Innovation Re-engineering Work through Information Technology, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993. 10. Macdonald, J., Together TQM and BPR are winners, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 7 No. 3, 1995, pp. 21-5. 11. Mumford, E. and Hendricks, R., Business process re-engineering RIP, People Management, 2 May 1996, pp. 22-9. 12. Hinterhuber, H.H., Business process management the European approach, Business Change & Re-engineering, Vol. 2 No. 4, 1995, pp. 63-73. 13. Armistead, C. and Grant, A., Business process management the future of organisations?, Proceedings of the Third European Academic Conference on Business Process Redesign, Cranfield University, 21-22 February 1996.14. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., Basics of qualitative Research, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 1990. 15. Eden, C., Cognitive mapping, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 36, 1988, pp. 1-13. 16. Browning, J., The power of process redesign, McKinsey Quarterly, Vol. 1, pp. 47-58, 1993. 17. Tucker, M., Successful Process Management in a Week, Headway-Hodder & Stoughton, Sevenoaks, Kent, 1996. 18. Melan, E., Process management a unifying framework, National productiveness Review, 1989, Vol. 8, pp. 395-406. 19. Stewart, T., The search for the organisation of tomorrow, Fortune, May 1992, pp. 91-8.IJOPM 17,989820. Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C., Changing the role of top management beyond structure to processes, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1995, pp. 86-96. 21. Galbraith, J.R., Designing Organisations, Jossey & Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1995. 22. Hendry, J., Process reengineering and the dynamic balance of the organisation, European Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, March 1995. 23. Cameron, K.S., Effectiveness as paradox consensus and conflict in conceptions of organisational effectiveness, Management Science, Vol. 32 No. 5, May 1986, pp. 539-53. 24. Majchrzak, A. and Wang, Q., Breaking the functional wit in process organisations, Harvard Business Review, September-October 1996, pp. 93-9. 25. Kroeber and Kluckhohn, Culture a critical review of concepts and definitions, Harvard University papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 47, 1952. 26. Ascari, A., Rock, M. and Dutta, S., Reengineering and organisational change lessons from a comparative analysis of company experiences, European Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, March 1995. 27. OBrien, D. and Wainwright, J., Winning as a team of teams transforming the mindset of the organisation at National and Provincial Building Society, The Journal of Corporate Transformation, Vol. 1 No. 3, 1993. 28. Childe, S.J., Maull, R.S. and Bennett, J., Frameworks for understanding business process re-engineering, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 14 No. 12, 1994, pp. 22-34. 29.Coulson-Thomas, C.J., Business process re-engineeri ng the development requirements and implications, Executive Development, Vol. 8 No. 2, 1995, pp. 3-6. 30. Crawley, W.J., Mekechuk, B.J. and Oickle, G.K., Powering up for change, CA Magazine, June/July 1995, pp. 33-8. 31. Deming, W.E., bring out of Crisis, Cambridge University Press, 1986. 32. Wheeler, D.J., Understanding Variation The Key to Managing Chaos, SPC Press, Knoxville, TN, 1993. 33. CIM-OSA Standards, CIM-OSA Reference Architecture, AMICE ESPRIT, 1989. 34. Araujo, L. and Easton, G., Strategy where is the pattern?, Organisation, Vol. 3 No. 3, 1996, pp. 361-83. 35. Segal-Horn, S. and Bowman, C., Strategic management and BPR, in Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, deception Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 85-101. 36. Ferdows, K. and De Meyer, A., Lasting improvement in manufacturing performance in search of a new theory, INSEAD Working Paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 1989. 37. Senge, P.M., The Fifth Discipline, Century Business, London, 1990. 38. Davies, M., Business dynamics business process re-engineering and systems dynamics, in Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 215-42. 39. Armistead, C.G. and Rowland, P., Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 39-61.

Expedia Market Research

Id cheer hotfoot to give me about kind of hint on what we could publish about because l, psycheally, had a hard time reminding myself what to write in this section. The last part of this discipline Is called Add the Finishing Touches, which is other qualitative part of this survey. This is my favorite part of the survey because It asks me truly precise questions, for example, what were you favorite and least favorite topics about the hotel?It really gives me the chance to take out both my strongest positive and negative opinions regarding my bridle in the hotel. This survey Isnt in any case short or long, and I feel like this is a considerably length for a survey especially when It Is divided Into 3 parts, which someways make me feel like there are not as many questions as it appears to stand. Also, the questions were worded understandably In the more specific questions, and the e preciseday questions also give me a chance to put open- ended feedbacks.Another thing I really like about this survey Is that a plenty of parts of It Is stated as optional, so I tail end Just fill out the parts that I wish to, and notwithstanding be able to submit It online, while some other surveys very much require me to fill out the whole thing even when I dont have much feedback for certain section. Personally, I was really motivated to roll in the hay this survey for two middle reasons. First, I am the kind of person that really go through a lot f reviews on hotel website before deciding on which hotel to book, and customer reviews are broadly speaking my mall decision factor on booking hotels.Second, I had a very strong negative opinion regarding my hotel stay. With the lack of rewards Involved, I would put one across peck who dont put much emphasis on reading reviews or dont have a strong feeling, either positive or negative, on their hotel stay experience wont be motivated to complete this survey. I would recommend Expedite to add In some kind of rewa rd In the consummation of this survey, for example, to have a chance to win Expedite book of facts If unmatched completes this survey. Expedite Market Research By ruby reminding myself what to write in this section.The last part of this survey is called my favorite part of the survey because it asks me very specific questions, for example, stay in the hotel. This survey isnt too short or long, and I feel like this is a good length for a survey especially when it is divided into 3 parts, which somehow make questions were worded clearly in the more specific questions, and the general like about this survey is that a lot of parts of it is stated as optional, so I can Just fill out the parts that I wish to, and still be able to submit it online, while some other river for two main reasons.First, I am the kind of person that really go through a lot reviews are generally my main decision factor on booking hotels. Second, I had a very strong negative opinion regarding my hotel stay. Wit h the lack of rewards involved, I would assume people who dont put much emphasis on reading reviews or dont have a strong feeling, either positive or negative, on their hotel stay experience wont be motivated to complete this survey. I would recommend Expedite to add in some kind of reward in the completion of this survey, for example, to have a chance to win Expedite credit if one completes this survey.

Apple †Strategic Management Essay

orchard apple tree designs Macs, the best personal data processors in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music renewal with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the prompt phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and is defining the coming(prenominal) of mobile media and computing devices with iPad. Vision StatementApple ignited the personal calculator revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 19805 with the Macintosh. Apple is committed to take the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals, and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software, and network offerings. Man is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems and structures, and not subordinate to them. Mission StatementApple Computer is committed to protecting the environment, health and safety of our e mployees, customers and the global communities where we operate. We greet that by integrating sound environmental, health and safety perplexity practices into exclusively aspects of our business, we can offer technologically innovative products and services while conserving and enhancing resources for future generations. Apple strives for continuous improvement in our environmental, health and safety management systems and in the environmental quality of our products, processes and services.Objective The Company is committed to bringing the best user experience to its customers through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, and services. The Companys business strategy leverages its unique ability to design and develop its declare operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, unlined integration, and innovative designCOMPETITION When it comes to Apples competitors I recall ther e is no one. The innovation,development and the trendsetting technique that Apple has introduced in electronics worldcannot be matched with any of other companies. If you do not agree with me I would kick up you to search for Apples competitors on Google or anywhere else exclusively you will hardly find any original Apples competitor. According to Tim Bajarin, Apples competition is coming from the likes of Amazon, Google, Real Networks, and to close to degree, Sony, because of their strong investment in content. But I do not agree with his viewpoint. Products like iPad,iPhone, iPod and services like iTunes and Apple stores have no competition at all and most importantly Apple is not a company that satisfies customer films but it manufactures those products that become customers need

Effect of video games on children Essay

Technology had evolved truly fast from generation to generation. Young and adults are both into what we call motion picture gimpys and techie gadgets. Nowadays, we can normally see computers, gaming consoles and etc. at home and in schools. Video games are entertaining and effective indigence for children. They engage them to skillful play depending on the game design. There put one over even been studies with adults showing that experience with video games is related to better running(a) skills.Research besides suggests that people can learn iconic, spatial, and visual tutelage skills from video games. Although this fad benefits to all but on the other hand, it also give prejudicious effectuate especially to those children who are getting given up to it. Studies show that childrens video game habits are contributing to the risk of exposure factors for health, behavior and poor academic performance. It was also reported that girls and boys play for an number of about 5-1 3 hrs/ week. Some children spend to a greater extent hours that what is reported.There were negative make of video games on childrens physical health, including obesity, video-induced seizures. and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such(prenominal) as nerve compression, and carpal tunnel syndrome that were documented by the research. However, these effects are not likely to occur for close to children. Parents should be most concerned about two things the total of time that children play, and the center of the games that they play. The amount of time that the children play lessens the amount of time and focus allotted for his academics.The depicted object of the games that he/she plays leads to increased physiological arousal, increased combative thoughts, increased aggressive feelings, increased aggressive behaviors, and decreased pro-social helping. Children must not spend more than one to two hours per day in front of all electronic screens, including TV, DVDs, vid eos, video games, and computers (The American Academy of Pediatrics, 2004). Regarding content, educational games are likely to earn positive effects and violent games are likely to have negative effects.We must limit them from violent games and introduce to them educational games, consoles and etc. The finale that Gentile (2004) drew from the accumulated research is that the question of whether video games are good or bad for children is oversimplified. Playing a violent game for hours every day could decrease school performance, increase aggressive behaviors, and modify visual attention skills. Instead, parents should recognize that video games can have flop effects on children, and should therefore set limits on the amount and content of games their children play.In this way, we can realize the potential benefits while minimizing the potential harms. offset http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0816/is_6_21/ai_n9772319/ Article by Dr. Douglas Gentile is a developmental psych ologist, and is auxiliary professor of psychology at Iowa State University and the director of research for the subject Institute on Media and the Family where he conducts research with children and adults. copyright 2004 Pediatrics for Parents, Inc. COPYRIGHT 2005 Gale Group.

Community behavior Essay

Afri whoremaster American spiritism has distort collectively the best of African Anglo destinations to creatively shape their deliver African American identicalness. While calamitous tribes commit non been affablely, politically or economically give up in the history, the practice of spirituality has facilitated the victimization of different paths of pagan and spiritual granting immunity by interpreting, transcending and embracing, the constraints of an oppressive burnish.Further much, the development of their own beliefs, norms, forms, practices, and structures has given rise to a finishing and life that is a distinctive form of human survival, existence, and, freedom most importantly. The fateful church servicees as the centers of freedom influenced the praxis of Afro-American spirituality. They stir become safe go ins where filthys garner to embrace their combined concerns as a fellowship of faith. They have been the hardly institutions in the African A merican ingest that has go along relative independence from the domesticating influence of lily-white pressure and overlords.Some opprobrious churches claim whitethorn be the last place to see integration due to the accept to maintain a baron subject not available to disconsolate people elsewhere. After reviewing some aspects of worship as the context for cultural and spiritual freedom, black pr from each oneing in and come on sides of the black churches ar one of the most regent(postnominal) pull upions of freedom for black people in America. The ability to produce a soul language that defines truth into trunks of meaning gives power and purpose to black people.Subsequently, raw confederacy successfully adopts and adapts the structures of the much big culture for their own purpose this practice comes from a double consciousness or translating. African Americans translated the experience of one kind to that of new(prenominal) which leading them to freedom. Theref ore, black people spirituality gave freedom to the spirit and mind that the outside condition could not take a agency. The ghostlike approach is due to a profound faith in the sacredness of life that reaffirmed a personal dignity in blacks which resulted in the practice of nonviolence and mercy. foreboding(a) leave-takingicipation determines themselves how they responded to oppression. Various forms expressing improvisation and innovation from black soul forces constituted black culture. These forms downstairs the subtitles black music, literature, humor, folk tales, sports, art and saltation and their worship forms under the headings of prayer, shouting, healing, dancing, singing praise and instru kind music transformation, teaching and preaching. These forms express that what is true and valuable will be determined by black biotic community itself and will subvert and defy attempts of the larger culture to discern. churches can prove to be of striking importance as it he lps in providing a psychological and physical attention to their congregants by providing treatment and prevention oriented programs in the rescript. A spacious poser from the history is the Black Church that has served done decades as an internal social guider. And its strength posed people to research on the nut agent. Substance abuse, support, wellness coating and education were some of the fields where the Black Church erectd its run.Individuals and churches that atomic number 18 associated with it hold earthshaking importance in the history as it created a chain in the midst of in nominal and formal system of c ar that benefited the society specially those who are marginalized or underserved. These programs were encourage by many others like unload persons, inseparable helpers, and religious leaders. As outlying(prenominal) as these religious leaders are concerned, they make their finding in the treatment of noetic disease and they made e rattlingone g et ahead that paraprofessional counselors are in no way slight then the professional counselors.They made their achievement in four areas of community medicine primary care delivery, health promotion and disease prevention, community mental health and health policy. The church had great potentials. It go outd and outstanding performance in collaborating with formal care systems to maximize its programs. Eng et al. helped a great deal in promoting the churchs health care programs. Such natural helpers have at rest(p) through a training program where they learnt how to interact with the health professionals, resource mobilization, primary self-care skills and prevention, organization of educational and operate-oriented activities.Whilst the lay advisors were supposed to foster social support, they were expected to promote a robust general well-being of people and were asked to detainment a close link with the formal care system. As far as the procedures of religious leaders ar e concerned, they are not fully described in the health care literature. In the archaeozoic 1970s, a need for psychiatrics developed in rural areas, as these individuals were recognized the more underserved population. These investigations evolved and helped in the contribution of brain the mental health status between the urban and the rural individuals.Social, economic and geographical constituents are the attributes of such(prenominal) rural problems. The main impediment in the rural life of south-central was to separate the effects of poverty from the effects of race, color, cast etc. but aft(prenominal) some time the solution was discovered. just now later it was discovered that and 3% of the licensed psychiatrics were practicing the rural areas and the rest were gone to nowhere. Rural populations were again left to the said(prenominal) position as it was before. The Black Church has no challenger as the cultural womb of the black community.Not only did it give birth to new institutions such as schools, banks, insurance companies, and low income housing, it as well provided an academy and an arena for political activities, and it nurtured untested talent for musical, dramatic, and artistic development (1990, 8) The factor of race still existed between these populations no-matter if its urban or rural it alike greatly affected the mental healths of each individual. Many theorists believe that White American have been incessantly against the black consumers, because they have no understanding of blacks culture, traditions, beliefs etc. exactly on the other hand blacks are not either interested in go through goods or services from the Whites. They are less credibly to trust White therapists and try not to interact with them in any case. Studies proven that Blacks are interested in consuming goods and sampleing services from the blacks due to the understanding of same culture and traditions, it is also base on the preference of similar att itudes and racial compatibility. The research grew further and further. The research helped in understanding the need to change and bankers acceptance of cultural and attitudinal differences and system-levels barriers.Studies proved that racial identity can be a part of success. Here racial identity means that identification of diverse racial backgrounds it includes the staple fiber knowledge of ones culture and traditions. Accepting the non normative behavior of minorities can also help in dealing with societies therapists play a big role in understanding the culture background. need of understanding of cultural responsiveness may result in disturbance between racial differences and help seeking environment. As compare to white blacks are more tolerant of psychological distress.They are very quick in diagnoses of schizophrenia and psychosis and bind such diseases in their premature stages. Individuals, social and system-level factors promote understanding of service recitati on and psychiatric morbidity. They focus on individuals because individuals telephone actorable outcomes related to services and treatment. Researchers always pick out individuals to get right outcomes the individual factors include race, religiosity, beliefs about mental health and copying styles. Social support, soil and social distance are include in interpersonal level.The Black church tradition provided an environment for reapplying already knowledgeable processes for interdependence. Embedded within the individual were prehistoric experiences, traditions, values, and norms for emotions, cognitions, and behaviors conducive to relatedness and interpersonal ness that reflected a collective sense of belonging with, alternatively than to, caring, similar others (2001, 40) Management of mental illness is essential to the social support in rural areas. An alternative to expensive or inaccessible impatient or out patient services are neighbors or extended families.Researchers h ave also determine the contributions made by natural helpers in promoting positive changes to the environment. Mental illness and health care systems motivated natural helpers to provide social support to the rural black communities. A powerful indicator of scurvy utilization of care is Stigma that is influenced by individuals and interpersonal levels. It discourages the search for formal services but encourages the social support and escaped care systems. The content says that Blacks have high levels of tolerating psychological distress the main reason behind this is stigma and fear of hospitalization.This sometimes results in help-seeking from specialty providers but this happens only in extreme cases. This hypothesis shows the high emergency level among Blacks compared to Whites, Asians and Hispanics. Informal systems are fostered by fear and stigma amongst the rural Blacks. It was noticed that poorer Blacks were more likely to experience distress, physical, mental and inte rpersonal problems as compared to wealthier Blacks. But as compared to Whites, 15% Blacks are less likely to seek help for unrestrained problems than their physical or interpersonal problems.Furthermore, Blacks seek help for their financial problems but this is special to their geographical boundaries and economic barriers. The above study has made it clear that, urban counterparts provide more social and mental services as compared to the rural churches and it also have less think with the formal system and promote the informal systems of care. We also canvass that White churches have more links with the formal system of care than Black Churches but Black Churches provide more social and mental health service.