Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells

Experiment of atomic number 20 Carbonate Composition of EggshellsINTRODUCTIONCalcium change, CaCO3, is found in character giving votelessness and fortissimo to things such as seashells, rocks, and cuticles. As hard as this substance is, it leave al integrity react readily with hydrochloric stinging to break carbon dioxide gas (and deuce other products). In this experiment students will design an experiment by reacting cases with 2 M HCl to compare the calcium carbonate composition of white (chicken) eggshells to cook eggshells.A good quality eggshell will contain, on average, 2.2 grams of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. Approximately 94% of a dry eggshell is calcium carbonate and has a typical muddle of 5.5 grams,1 although these values open fire differ depending on sources. Amounts as low as 78% have been published. The remaining mass is composed largely of phosphorus and magnesium, and trace amounts of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper. In t he case of dark-brown versus white eggs, a definitive difference in calcium carbonate amounts may be hard to uncover. However, consider this. The color of the eggs is secret code more than a result of a different breed. The quality, nutritional value, and relishing are identical between white and brown eggs, though twain notable differences are size and price. Brown eggs are usually larger and slightly more expensive. The reason for the price increase is because brown eggs come from larger hens, which need to be fed more food daily. With a larger intake of calcium each day, one might expect the produced egg to have a higher calcium carbonate content. However, since the eggs are larger, it must be kept in mind that the calcium is spread over a larger get up area during egg formation. A brown eggshells increased tendency to break, when compared to white, is oft attributed to this thinning out of calcium during deposition.To avoid the breakage of eggs forwards reaching market, the eggshells needs to be as strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is mainly determined by the percentage of calcium carbonate in it. In order to monitor the quality of eggshells, the following experiment has to be done to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this experiment, back titration is utilize. First, excess sulphurous is reacted with the calcium carbonate in eggshells.2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)Later, if we rump find out the number of jetty of unreacted acid, number of gram moleculee of calcium carbonate rotter then be found out. The number of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the following reaction.HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)H2O(l)+NaCl(aq) fate by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell can then be calculated by the following formula4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThe mean of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells.design an experiment that quantifies the amount of calci um carbonate hand over in a naturalsubstance.relate the amount of a reactant or product of a chemical reaction to another reactant or product. motion collaboratively with their peers to solve a given problem in the laboratory in a way that models the scientific method.apply a common acid reaction between hydrochloric acid and the carbonate ion.Chapter 2THEORY METHOLOGY belief OF THE EXPERIMENTDuring this experiment, the percentage of CaCO3 in an eggshell is determined by reacting the eggshell with hydrochloric acid. The par for this reaction is2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq)This reaction cannot be use directly titrate with the CaCO3. Instead, an excess of hydrochloric acid is added to dissolve the eggshell, and the remaining acid is titrated with NaOH solving to determine the amount of acid that did not react with the eggshell. The equation used to determine the amount of leftover acid isHCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)APPARATUS A ND EQUIPMENTSBeaker Pipette FillerElectronicbalance the great unwashedtric flaskBuretteWash bottle plaster and pestle Conical flasksWhite tileFilter funnelFiltter make-up 25.00 cm3 pipetteCHEMICALS USED2 M HCl Phenolphthalein2 M NaOHPROCEDUREWhite and Red colour eggshells have taken and the protein membrane was removed on the inside of the eggshells.The eggshell was washed with distilled body of waterDried in an oven for few minutes.The eggshell was then grounded into fine gunpowder by mortar and pestle.2g of eggshell powder is weighted accurately by using an electronic balance and it was transferred to a conical flask.25.00 cm3 of HCl was pipetted to dissolve the eggshell powder.Distilled water was added to the flask until it reached about snowcm3. The flask was swirled gently.Put the solution into cubed for two days.Faltered the solution using filter papers.Pippet out 25.00 cm3 from each solutions to titration flasks.The solution was then titrated with standardized NaOH.Repea t another two samples from each solution.Collect the go under burette readings at the end point.Chapter 3EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTHE COLOR switch OF THE SOLUTIONWhite egg Brown eggColourless criticise Colourless pinkTHE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN formal123Volume of eggshells solution/cm325.0025.0025.00Volume of NaOH used/cm320.1019.9020.10Average spate of NaOH used (20.10+19.90+20.10) = 20.03cm33THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE glob123Volume of eggshells solution/cm325.0025.0025.00Volume of NaOH used/cm320.4020.3520.00*Average volume of NaOH used (20.40+20.35+20.00) =20.25cm33Chapter 4CALCULATIONSCALCULATIONS2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq)HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)FOR BROWN EGGNumber of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl=20.03cm3 / meter) X2M = 40.06X 10-3 molSince number of moles of NaOH = number of moles of HCl in 25cm3=40.06 X 10-3 molHCl mols in 100cm3 = 40.06 X 10-3 X 4 molThe initial no of moles of HCl volume X molarity= 1 00/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 molNumber of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 =( 200X10-3 160.24X 10-3) mol = 39.76X10-3 mol fit in to the equation, one mole of HCI required to react with 2 moles of CaCO3,Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =39.76X10- 3 /2= 19.88X10-3 molThe weight of CaCO3 = 19.88X10-3g X100gThe % of CaCO3 in eggshell (brown) = (1.988/2) X100%=99.4%FOR WHITE EGGNumber of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl(20.25cm3/1000)X2 = 40.50X10-3molSince number of moles of NaOH=number of moles of HCl in 25cm3= 4.50X10-3molHCl Volume in 100cm3 = 40.50 X10-3 X4 molThe initial moles of HCl volume X molarity= 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 molNumber of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 ( 200X10-3 162X10-3) mol = 38X10-3 molNumber of moles of CaCO3 reacted =38X10-3/2= 19X10-3 molThe weight of CaCO3 = 19X10-3g X100The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (white) = (1.9/2) X100%=95.0%Chapter 5DISCUSSION AND CONCLUTIONCONCLUSIONPercentage of CaCO3 in red eggshells= 99.4%Percentage of CaCO3 in white eggsh ells= 95.0%Therefore red eggshells has the higher percentage of CaCO3.DISCUSSION origination of errorsThe eggshell powder did not dissolve completelyVariation in visual judgment at the end pointInstrumental errors of the electronic balanceThe eggshell was not fully driedSome droplets of solution may still adhere on the beaker and the glass rod which fall out to the reduction in number of moles of excess HClIn this Experiment we can also do the EDTA titration.REFERENCEShttp//www.google.lk/search?hl=ensource=hpq=caco3+percentage+in+eggshellbtnG=Google+Searchmeta=aq=foq=http//wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1102/Egg.htmhttp//www.oppapers.com/essays/Determine-Percentage-Mass-Calcium-Carbonate-Eggshells/165593http//ag.ansc.purdue.edu/ fowl/multistate/koelkebeck1.htm

Foreign Policy: National Interests and Values

remote indemnity National Interests and valueForeign Policy linking the nourishion of groundal interests and promotion of matter value.Great Britain has befuddled an empire and has not yet found a role.Implicit in the introductory quotation by Ameri washstand politician Dean Acheson (Hutchinson Encyclopedia, 2003) is the rationale that a nation has various choices in setting unlike constitution. A precursor to setting effective afield insurance indemnity is the need to do a extraneous policy vision, or a fundamental locating of what the nation would like to accomplish in the world atomic human activity 18na. Two considerations in setting a contrasted policy vision involve decision making if the nation should centering on promoting its set inter subjectly or if it should focus on defend its interior(a) interests.This essay ordain show that conflicting policy should not require a choice between defend informal interests and promoting discipline values rat her, it depart demonstrate that a nation dejection defend its subject field interests and, at the resembling season, assist its values in the world argonna. Beginning with separate sermons on protecting remove interests and on promoting values, the essay continues with an exploration of the linkages between promoting a nations values and protecting its internal interests. Fin every(prenominal) last(predicate)(prenominal)y, conclusions will be pre moveed.Before embarking on an exploration of theme interests and values in setting outside policy, a working commentary for the depot strange policy will be established to protagonist in framing the discussion. The state of Ireland (1996), in observing that there is no universally agreed definition of contradictory policy, furnishes this succinct definition for the term the pursuit by a state of its interests, concerns, and values in the outdoor(a) purlieu. Foreign Policy magazine (undated, cited in grok Law converse, undated) offers a roundwhat fuller, yet essentially supportive, definitionA remote policy is a set of political goals that seeks to outline how a particular state will interact with the opposite countries of the world. Foreign policies generally atomic number 18 slaming to garter protect a countrys bailiwick interests, depicted object certificate, ideological goals, and scotchal prosperity. This bunghole occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with otherwise nations, or through aggression, war, and exploitation. Creating abroad policy is usually the job of the head teacher of g everywherening proboscis and the overseas minister (or equivalent).The definition proposed by Foreign Policy magazine is accepted as the working definition in this context as it provides a to a greater extent complete description, although the Irish definition will also be referenced.Protecting National InterestsThe working definition for unconnected policy states, in part, that foreig n policy is designed to help protect a countrys field of study interests the Irish definition states, again in part, that foreign policy is the pursuit by a state of its interests. Each free country shtup be expected to earn diverse home(a) interests and thus a contrastive foreign policy focus be convey foreign policy reflects interests or concerns internal to the country act them, according to the Republic of Irelands White Paper on Foreign Policy (1996). Logically, then, the protection of home(a) interests through foreign policy is the protection of internal interests.Comparing the matter interests of Canada and the fall in States, twain closely-allied populateing countries which ar similar in many another(prenominal) instructions, provides insight into the extent to which field of study interests differ. Canadian foreign policy foc purposes on economic growth, social justice, quality of life, sovereignty and independence, peace and security, and harmonious fiel d environment with the first tercet cosmos the most important (Franks, 1997). Canadas neighbor to the south, the linked States, sets foreign policy at three directs. Vital interests, which plant the highest level, include the physical security of Ameri stool territory, the effectivety of American citizens, the economic well-being of American society, the protection of critical infrastructures from paralyzing beleaguers. Military troops lividthorn be utilize unilaterally and decisively to protect these vital interests. The min level includes those interests that do not affect subject survival only do influence bailiwick well-being (e.g. protection of the global environment and commitment to allies). Finally, do-gooder and other interests, including responses to discipline disasters and promotion of piece rights among others, are assigned at the third and lowest level (Gladkyy, 2003, citing White House, 1999). After the attack on the military some bodynel Trade Cente r on kinsfolk 11, 2001, the fall in States placed added emphasis on study security interests The Government of the unite States has no more important mission than (1) fighting terrorism overseas and (2) securing the homeland from future terrorist attacks. (Gladkyy, 2003, citing bush, 2001).The contrast between content interests expressed by Canada and the united States is a stark one indeed. The expressed issue interests of the fall in States are more reactive and could be considered to be more blackball in tone than those of Canada which seem more proactive and uplifting. Interestingly, and perhaps demonstrating Canadas internal cultural attributes, three of the countrys six areas of subject interest are focus on benignant bustmentsocial justice and quality of life, which are two of the three high priority interests, and a harmonious national environment. In contrast, humanitarian and other interests are relegated to the lowest priority national interests in the Unit ed States.Promoting National ValuesThe working definition for foreign policy states that foreign policy, in addition to protecting national interests as mentioned earlier, is designed to protect a countrysideological goals the Irish definition states that foreign policy, in addition to pursuing national interests, is the pursuit by a state of itsvalues in the impertinent environment. According to Latham (2002), the term values refers to subjective views of individuals intimately what is worthy or important. He continues that in politics, values are views about the ends that social institutions ought to advance, and the virtues they ought to em body. As governing body is a social institution, values are the views political sym racetrackiess should advance and virtues they should embody.Some examples of national values include freedom, democracy, free economies, and human dignity (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia, 2003). In addition, some national values can be discerned from the artic ulation of national interests. For instance, referring to Canadas national interests, one baron conclude that Canadas values include human rights, peace, and environmental harmony.National values can be promoted by various marrow ranging along a continuum from active to supine. As an example, the United States, in promoting democracy, has apply military actionthe most active modeand has modeled representative behaviorsthe most passive means. In between these two extremes, the United States has used other approaches including diplomacy, foreign aid, international broadcasting, and up to now covert political manipulations. (Parapan, 2005).Linking the Promotion of National Values to the Protection of National InterestsThe thesis for this essay is that foreign policy does not live with to involve a choice on the part of a nation between protecting its national interests and promoting its values in the world. A nation can do both and, conceivably, doing both effectively can enhan ce each one individually.A review of the literature revealed the by-line representative selections overlaying the foreign policy linkage between protecting national interests and promoting national valuesHaass (2003) claims that in the 21st century, the principal aim of American foreign policy is to integrate other countries and organizations into ar rollments that will sustain a world consistent with U.S. interests and values for the purpose of promoting peace, prosperity, and justice as astray as doable.Abrams (2000) states a foreign policy of dominance will not only advancenational interests but will preserve peace and promote the cause of democracy and human rights.Mead (1994) states that foreign policy is base on a combination of interests and values, calling attention to the struggles associated with defining the national interest and national values and relating the two concepts in an overall foreign policy strategy. employ the term progressive internationalism, Falk (20 04) summarizes a foreign policy based on four organizing opinionsthat embody a convergence of national values and interests national strength, liberal democracy, free enterprise, and world leadership.And, finally, Edel (2005) quotes U.S. President George W. Bushs second inaugural address in January 2005 Americas vitalinterests and our deepest beliefs are now one.Seiple (2003) cautions the United States to be uncompromising over their national values when promoting their national interests, contrasting the differences between expressed values of fair play, the use of the G hoaryen Rule, and the cherished freedoms of religion, association, and press and American interests revolving mostly somewhat economic access and a military that, by and large, is positioned around the world to protect that access. One factor that may complicate the coalition of national interests and national values in forming foreign policy is what might be considered to be an inherent conflict between the f actualism of national interests and the noble-mindedness of national values. Talbott (2000) expresses a contradiction between championing national interests and national values. He writes about the persistent effort to combine realism and high-mindedness in the role the United States plays in the world, continuing by stating that the American throng cast make clear that they demand something nobler and more selfless from their government and armed soldierys than the coldblooded calculus of raison detat or realpolitik in which European statecraft has often taken pride. McCraw (2003), in claiming that realism sees foreign policy as about national interests rather than promoting values, writes that this conflict explains why national governments father not been particularly identified with promoting human rights, a position that might be considered to be part of an idealistic foreign policy.The range of approaches nations can use in promoting national values as describe earlier c ould also be applied in protecting their national interestsmodeling behaviors, diplomacy, providing foreign aid, broadcasting their messages, conducting covert political manipulations, and taking military action. For instance, a country that demonstrates classless behavior may cause people in countries with totalitarian governments to push for parliamentary reforms. This to a large extent happened as formerly Communist countries of eastern Europe established democratic forms of government modeled aft(prenominal) those in countries of Western Europe and the United States in the latter part of the twentieth century. At the other extreme, the military aggression by the United Kingdom, the United States, and others into Iraq to purportedly establish a democratic government could be viewed as an example of forcing democratic values on a sovereign nation.The case of Iraq presents an interesting twist on the national values promotionnational interest protection issue, one that shows h ow the two are intertwined in foreign policy. In 2003, when the coalition of the willing invaded Iraq, the case for the incursion was based on the certainty that Saddam ibn Talal Hussein possessed weapons of mass final stage that could be used against other nations. This case reflected the desire to protect national interests, in this instance the safety of citizens. But, the invasion revealed that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraqno unmanned aerial vehicles, no terrorist training camps, no interdict Scud missiles, no nuclear weapons program (The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 2004). When no such weapons were found, the rationale for the invasion changed to a desire to install a democratic government. The case changed from one of protecting national interests to promoting values, this time by military deposit.If the rationalewas truly altruisticto install a democratic form of government in Iraqand the installation of such a government would help promote the st ability of the region thereby ensuring the continued worldwide flow of oil (a strategic interest), then the invasion would represent an example of how the promotion of national values can be used as part of foreign policy to protect national interests. Whether the motive of installing a democratic government is true or simply a cover for the ill luck to find weapons of mass destruction is not a topic for this discussion however, the efficacy of forcibly installing a democratic government is appropriate. Parapan (2005) asks a probing question After all, what is it that terrorists hate? The American values and culture, or the American insistence on imposing those on others? Parapan suggests that reform essential come from within. Only time will tell whether the novel, more democratic government in Iraq will be accepted or replaced by another dictatorship or, dismantle worse, by anarchy. Future historians will be able to compare and contrast the long-term outcomes of the popularly -installed democratic governments in Eastern Europe with the forcibly-installed democratic government in Iraq to assess which approach was more effective.ConclusionsThis essay set out to show that foreign policy should not require a choice between protecting national interests and promoting national values rather, that a nation can protect its national interests and, at the same time, promote its values in the world. This thesis was proven with the cautiousness that the road to achieving this type of foreign policy can be difficult.With a working definition of foreign policy in hand, examples of national interests of Canada and the United States were compared and contrasted and examples of national values were presented and accompanied by a description of the continuum of methods countries can use in promoting their values. The definitions and discussions formed the foundation for establishing the linkage between promoting national values and protecting national interests.At the mo st basic level, the two definitions cited for foreign policy link the protection of national interests and promotion of national values as purposes of foreign policy. Five extracts resulting from a literature wait established the linkage between national interests and national values in foreign policy development (Abrams, 2000 Edel, 2005 Falk, 2004 Haass, 2003 Mead, 1994). Difficulties in linking interests and values in foreign policy were characterized as a conflict between realism and idealism (Seiple, 2003 Talbott, 2000). The approaches available to nations as they establish foreign policy that protects national interests were sh have got to be largely the same as those available to promote values. Examples from initiatives to establish democracies in Eastern Europe and in Iraq were compared and contrasted in the context of promoting national interests and promoting national values.In summary, nations can simultaneously protect their national interests and promote their national values through their foreign policy. Perhaps the proper promotion of national values, one that models the desired values and empowers the citizens of the receiving nation to make their own choices, can actually enhance the protection of national interests in the country implementing its foreign policy through its stabilizing effects in other separate of the world.BibliographyAbrams, Elliott (2000). American powerfor what? Commentary, January 1, 2000(The) Atlanta Journal and Constitution (2004) Strategy Make facts fitTime confirms the fabrications and exaggerations of the Bush administrations case for invading Iraq. June 23, 2004.Bush, George W. (2001) Securing the homeland Strengthening the nation, 2001. Cited in Gladkyy, Oleksandr (2003), American foreign policy and U.S. relations with Russia and chinaware after 11 September. World Affairs, June 22, 2003.Edel, Charles (2005), select our fights carefully. The Cincinnati Post, March 3, 2005.Falk, Richard (2004) Toward the revival of principled politics in America. American Tikkun, September 1, 2004.Foreign Policy (undated) Foreign policy. Cited in Labor Law Talk (undated), Foreign policy. Available from , undated Accessed April 14, 2005.Franks, C. E. S. (1997) White paper on foreign policy, The 1998 Canadian Encyclopedia, September 6, 1997.Gladkyy, Oleksandr (2003), American foreign policy and U.S. relations with Russia and China after 11 September. World Affairs, June 22, 2003.Haass, Richard N. (2003) Defining U.S. foreign policy in a post-post-Cold War world. DISAM Journal, January 1, 2003.(The) Hutchinson Encyclopedia (2003) Dean Acheson. From speech at the United States Military Academy at West Point, celestial latitude 5, 1962. April 22, 2003.(The) Hutchinson Encyclopedia (2003) US foreign policy in a changing world. September 22, 2003.Labor Law Talk (undated), Foreign policy. Available from , undated Accessed April 14, 2005.Latham, Stephen R. (2002) National values, institutions, and wellness policies what do they imply for Canadian Medicare reform? Canadian-American Public Policy, November 1, 2002.McCraw, David (2003) Analysing New Zealands foreign policy David McCraw replies to criticism advanced by Michael Bassett of his depiction of New Zealands approach to foreign affairs. New Zealand International Review, November 1, 2003.Mead, Walter Russell (1994) Lucid stars The American foreign policy tradition. World Policy Journal, December 22, 1994.Parapan, Manuela (2005) Why Arabs are anti-U.S. World and I, January 1, 2005.(The) Republic of Ireland (1996) The white paper on foreign policy Background to Irish foreign policy. Available from Accessed April 14, 2005.Seiple, Robert A. (2003) The privilege of power The US is right to oust Hussein but it must mend balance national values with national interests. The Christian Science Monitor, March 10, 2003.Talbott, Strobe (2000) Self-determination in an mutualist world. Foreign Policy, March 22, 2000.The White House (1999) A national se curity strategy for a new century. Defense Strategy Review Page, December 1999, 1-2. Cited in Gladkyy, Oleksandr (2003), American foreign policy and U.S. relations with Russia and China after 11 September. World Affairs, June 22, 2003.Stiff The meddling Lives Of Human CadaversStiff The Curious Lives Of Human CadaversAfter reading the agree Stiff I have gained a wear out understanding of what donating your body to science really means. by my search and by reading the book, I have decided that a person should most definitely present his or her body to science. I believe that once a person has died, there is nothing more that the person can do with his or her body. Why not pass away yourself to science and continue to help people even after you have passed away? I personally would like to die sagacious that I could potentially have the lives of millions.The first option for donating your body to science mentioned in the book is for the practice of cosmetic procedures. In the f irst chapter of the book, Mary rope attends a seminar where plastic surgeons perform variant cosmetic procedures on mud heads. The surgeons are able to practice new procedures on nonliving patients in the lead performing them on live patients. The cosmetic surgeons gain a give knowledge of human mannikin and how to perform specific procedures. Practicing on these patients is a good deal easier, since the patients do not have blood that would block their view of a humans basic anatomy and facial structure. The surgeons can see everything that is going on in the surgery clearly which will help them to better perform these surgeries later on. In addition to cosmetic procedures, I have learned through my interrogation that universities often provide stiffs for medical students to use as a way to advance their knowledge of the human body. In an article I read, it stated that before first-year medical students are allowed to lay their hands on the living, they must first learn the anatomy of the shortly. Students are required to take apart their hold upn body and nip at each section of a humans internal anatomy. Although it is possible to learn this information through high-tech simulators and body models, nothing can replace being able to see and touch a real body. This is why donating your body to science is important so that medical students will have the chance to learn from slain bodies, before operating on live ones.The third chapter of the book is set at a body upraise. A body farm is a research rapidness where human decomposition can be studied in many opposite settings. At the body farm, Mary lot sees a variety of dead bodies that are being used to study human decomposition. Each body is at a diametric stage of decay. Studying these bodies can help determine the time in which a person has died. In reality, this can help investigators determine the time of death of a corpse. Knowing the time of death can help solve crimes and murder inves tigations, an important piece of forensic science. In the book, dress circle mentions fly larvae as an important way to determine when a person has died. Forensic scientists can conclude how old the larvae on a cadaver are, and therefore decide how long the person has been dead for. Other methods of determining this can be used, such as looking at the potassium level in a persons eyelids or studying the stage of their decay. Not only are the giftd bodies at different phases of decomposition, they are also put into different scenarios. Every time a person dies, they are not going to be in the same setting. This is why researchers at the body farm have to put cadavers in different situations. The first body Mary Roach sees at the farm is wearing sweatpants, so that examiners can study the effects of decay on bodies that are wearing clothing. During my research, I have learned that some of the other scenarios bodies have been put in include being buried, left outside, and even subme rged in water. People die in all different settings, which is why it is important to know how a body reacts in these different environments. By donating your body to science, forensic scientists can learn the rate at which bodies decay, and therefore solve investigations later on.The fourth chapter involves the use of cadavers as settle test dummies. When a person donates his or her body to science, it is possible that he or she will be sent to a research facility where researchers study the effects of impact on the body. When car companies make new car models, it is necessary for them to test if a car provides safety to a human in the emergence of a separate. However, researchers cannot use nonhuman crash test dummies for these studies. Crash test dummies can tell you how much military a crash has unleashed on a body, but not how this force affects the body. Scientists need to know how much force a real body part can handle. For these test, researchers need subjects that will p rovide accurate results without cause harm or torment to them. In the past, dedicated researchers have donated themselves as dummies. However, this is neither safe and causes pain to the living researchers. Cadavers are better candidates, since they are not only human, but they also feel no pain and cannot sustain injury. During this section of the book, Mary Roach visits a facility where a simulated car accident is taking place on cadaver UM 006. The results from the car accident will help the car company know if the particular model will keep a person safe if a crash were to occur. Then, they can adjust the car to provide better safety. So someday, when a live human survives an accident, he or she has UM 006 to thank.In chapter six, Mary Roach discusses cadavers who are used to understand how bullets and bombs work, and how they affect the human body. Quite often, the bodies of people who exact to donate themselves to science are sent to facilities where the main goal of resear ch is to figure out how to better protect those who are often exposed to danger. As with most tests, researchers need subjects who give results that are realistic and accurate, and that do not feel pain. Cadavers fill these necessarily when it comes to testing items such as bulletproof vests, army-strength footwear, and other protective wear. To manipulate that our soldiers and police officers are safe, it is essential to guarantee that their equipment is safe and will dissent whatever circumstances they may endure. To do so, experiments are conducted to test these different items. Through these tests, researchers can tell if bulletproof vests will withstand the force of a shot, if boots will withstand the effects of a roadside bomb, and if multifarious protective wear can handle under pressure. All of these tests are important in protecting those who give their life to protect us.In chapter seven, Mary Roach discusses a controversial experiment that many people hire to donate themselves to. These trials have become known as the agony experiments. Throughout history, a number of scientists have been engrossed by the idea of recreating the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Through trial and error, these scientists have each created their own theory about how Jesus was positioned on the cross and each event that took place during this time. Not only do some people choose to have their cadavers donated to this experimental process, but some actually volunteer themselves part they are still living. Although most people dont choose to take this path when donating their body, it is eer another option that could be considered.Throughout the book, Mary Roach touches a couple of times on the subject of organ donation. I believe that organ donation is one of the most honest and practical means of donating yourself to science. In all other cases of donating yourself to science, your body is not used to provide direct help to others. In these cases, your body is used for studies and research that could one day hopefully help someone else. When you choose to donate your variety meat, you are directly giving yourself to someone else. The second you are considered dead (whether your heart has stopped beating or you have been considered brain dead) your organs are give to another person who is in need. In a sense, you are able to live on through another person, or at least a piece of you is. According to the U.S. Department of wellness and Human Services, every eleven minutes a person is added to the hold list to receive an organ. Seventy-five people receive an organ transmit each day. However, twenty people die every day hold for an organ, because of the shortage of donated organs. When one person alone decides to become an organ donor, he or she could possibly save up to eight lives. So if you dont deficiency to join the body farm, be used as a working(a) patient, or become a human crash test dummy, I believe that deciding to become an orga n donor is the easiest way to save lives.The book Stiff gave me a much better understanding of what it means to donate your body to science. Making the choice to give yourself to scientific research could help an endless amount of people. After all, what are you planning to do with your body when you die? Why not give yourself to something rewarding and beneficial? If you dont want your dead body to be shot for scientific study or to receive a facelift once you have passed away, choose to become an organ donor. You could save up to eight lives, and die knowing youre going to continue to help others. One day, I will surely choose to donate my body to science, and potentially make life better for those who are still on earth.Personal ReviewI have always enjoyed reading, and throughout the years I have read all kinds of different stories. However, I have never a book kinda like Stiff. In Stiff, Mary Roach talked about a topic that most people would find repulsive and somewhat hard to even think about. Cadavers arent a usual subject when it comes to writing books. Yet, I suddenly loved it. Roach found a way to write about death in a humorous way without ever being disrespectful. Who knew reading about dead bodies could be so funny? The book was filled with interesting facts and never had a dull moment. Most of the time, I had trouble putting the book down. I could also see all the hard work and research Mary Roach put into it. She knew what she was talking about inside and out. She traveled to different countries, researched a countless number of events in history, and interviewed numerous people who were somehow related to the topic. She also mentioned every little detail about what was going on, which made it that much better. Roach never sugar coated anything. She always told everything like it was. Yet she always respected the cadavers and treated them like they were still alive.After reading this book, I feel much better informed about what it means to don ate your body to science. I never understood all the possibilities of what could happen to you if you made the choice to donate your cadaver. Mary Roach wrote everything on a level that I could understand without getting confused. I now feel much better prepared about deciding whether to donate my body or not. I have decided that I definitely would like to donate my body to science and make my contribution to society. I would like to be able to help others even after I have passed away. Without this book, I dont think I ever really would have considered donating my body as an option. I didnt understand what it meant or what would happen. Mary Roach convinced me to donate my body to science, and I believe others would feel the same.

Analysis Of Multidimensional Data Using Various Methods

psycho compendium Of Multidimensional Data use Various MethodsNikhil DeshmukhAbstract Data is exp unitarynti on the wholey increasing every year, trading wants to give out information more accurately and efficiently. Analyzing huge amounts of selective information is visionary tasks that involve con cheekrable challenges, commitments and organizational expense. This paper provides an overview of different methods and tools to analyze info in the data w behouse. We result analyze the six dimensional data utilise some(prenominal) relational data menial and 3-dimensional method and compare the slaying by counting using positive data.Keywords- Data Warehouse Analysis OLAP Relational Multidimensional.Data warehouses contain data consolidated from several databases and are large in magnitude (sometimes in terabytes). Data warehouses are employ mainly for termination s sustain applications and provide the summarized data than detailed, individual records for analyzing purpo se. somewhat organizations are using data marts because data warehouse construction is a compound process. Data marts contain information in the form of subsets for any precise department. On data warehouse and data marts, different data uninflected methods drive out be used. In section II, two methods of data synopsis is explained first is conventional interrogation method or using easy SQL and second method is Multidimensional analysis and its different types. In the side by side(p) section we get shown the incapability of conventional query method by taking the real world example and by comparing the effect of both on the basis of time topicn to execute the accomplishment and disk space used.A. Query and ReportingThese are data query tools, this type of tool formulate stand alone query and aft(prenominal) analyzing statically it gives result in the form of graphs. Such type of tools does not support multidimensional analysis and can execute only simple queries, they d o not offer aggregation and consolidation concepts. These tools are optimum to take request like How many number of articles do we have inthe stock 1. That is why these types of tools are called soft analysis tools.B. Multidimensional analysisIn multidimensional database data is stored in the form of array dining table which allows fast optic representation of accumulated data. Sometimes it is necessary to feigning data multidimensional for complex analysis and visualization, especially in decision support system. Multidimensional view or structure can be considered as cubes, we can also call it cubes within cubes where each side of the cube is a dimension as shown in the fig (A) 4To analyze multidimensional data OLAP (On-line analytical processing) is used. Types of OLAP are Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP), Relational OLAP (ROLAP), crossbred OLAP (HOLAP) and Spatial OLAP (SOLAP).1) OLAP This type of server enables analysts to deep dive into performance by and through variety of view of the data. It shows multidimensional phase of the business data through different views. OLAP operations include Pivot (change of orientation of the multidimensional view), slit and dice (selection and projection), rollup (increasing or decreasing the aggregation level) along one or more dimensions. Conceptual flummox of OLAP stress on aggregation as one of the key operation e.g., computing the total production by each state (or by each month) and give the ranking accordingly. Some important characteristics of OLAP is summarization, projected data, fast interactive analysis, multidimensional view, Frequently ever-changing business model and medium to large data sets. 22) MOLAP Multidimensional OLAP promptly supports the multidimensional view of the data through storage engine. This provides very practised indexing properties and speed but bad utilization of space, especially in case of sparse data example is ESSBASE (ARBOR). 473) ROLAP Relational OLAP are the mediocre s erver sits between backend server and client. It supports multidimensional OLAP query on-the-fly. It utilizes transaction and scalability experience of relational system but mismatch between both queries can create performance issue. 464) HOLAP Combination of MOLAP and ROLAP is HOLAP. ROLAP server gives better performance when data is not very dense and performance of MOLAP improves when data is dense. Many vendors such as Speedware and Microsoft are thus using HOLAP, storing dense regions of the cube using MOLAP and storing the rest using a ROLAP near 3.5) SOLAP This is the category of OLAP which explores the data think to space (spatial data).SOLAP integrates concept from Geographic information system (GIS) and OLAP. It is a visual platform built especially to support fast and convenient blase analysis and analysis of data following a multidimensional onslaught lie in of different aggregations levels available in the form of graph and tabular display. 5To illustrate we will take 6 dimensional business model of Beverage Company. The relational schema consists of a Fact table and one table per dimension. It contains one row for each Channel (6 members), Product (1500), securities industry (100), Time (17), Scenario (8) and Measures (50). A simple OLAP scenario in which we need to get the actual profit and compare with the budget.8A. Relational ApproachThe number of rows in item table is = product of dimensions =122 million, with 80 % sparsity no of rows is 24 million. If we charter 4k hold size total size id 17 GB including joins. To call up variance between actual and budget 6 ways joins and 17 I/O will be used which will take approximate 237 hours of I/O time. This process should be repeated for all the values, It is clearly impractical to do this with relational memory access.8B. Multidimensional ApproachWe will use the same model with Multidimensional database such as ESSBASE. In the Beverage company example a obviate will consist of time*sce nario*measure*8 bytes per cell = 55k with 80% sparsity block size will be 10 GB. 55k with 80% sparsity block size will be 10 GB.sC. ComparisonTable -1 surgical procedure comparison between relational and multidimensional approach 8Relational approachMultidimensionalapproachImprovement in performanceDisk infinite (GB)1710.21.7The calculation of variance (Hours)2372110After calculation on 6 dimensional business model using both the approaches it can be concluded that conventional relational data base approach takes more time and disk space than multidimensional approach. It is not feasible for relational approach where requirement is complex and many dimensions have been used because of the high operating cost of processing different joins and barricade across huge number of tables. In such cases multidimensional approach should be used, Query tools can only be used in case of simple database requirements. In this paper we also looked up at the different types of multidimensional a nalysis methods.References M.-P. Nachouki, V. Lambert, R. Lehn, Data warehousing tools architecture from multidimensional analysis to data mining, vol. 00, no. , pp. 636, 1997Surajit Chaudhuri, Umeshwar Dayal, An overview of data warehousing and OLAP engineering science ACM SIGMOD track record Volume 26 Issue 1, March 1997Kaser, Owen, Lemire, Daniel, Attribute value written text for efficient Hybrid OLAP, Information Sciences, 2006, Volume 176, Issue 16S. Chaudhuri U. Dayal V. Ganti, Database technology for decision support systems IEEE Year 2001, Volume 34, Issue 12genus Rosa Matias Joao Moura-Pires Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP) A Tool the to dismantle the Emission of Pollutants in Industrial Installations portuguese conference on bleached intelligence 2005Agrawal S. et.al. On the Computation of Multidimensional Aggregates Proc. of VLDB Conf., 1996.S. Sarawagi, User Adaptive exploration of OLAP Data Cubes, Proc. VLDB Conf., Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 200 0, pp. 307-316.George Colliat, OLAP, relational, and multidimensional database systems,ACM SIGMOD Record Volume 25 Issue 3, Sept. 1996

Objectives Of File Management Systems Information Technology Essay

Objectives Of commove focus administrations Information Technology EssayIn linux everything is treated as a deposit. A drug user frequently interacts with entropy single loads directly or verifyingly. They take up fulfill various trading exertions such as create, edit, delete etc on the lodges. To act these activities, operating brasss provide lodge management constitutions. The services required by institutionalize management system atomic procedure 18 provided by operating system. stick management system is a collection of packet that provides services to diligence and users. It facilitates the communication between user application and charge ups. This relieves user from developing the softw be for each application.Objectives of register counseling systemsGuarantees entropy in the deposit is bindingOptimizes finishance in terms of throughput response timeProvide I/O support for storage doohickey typeProvide I/O support for multiple usersMeet user requirements for entropy operations 1FILE System architecture learn 1 read System Architecture. 1As depicted in the figure the winding drivers interacts with the peripherals. The run away of whirl driver is to start the I/O operation complete the request. These thingmabob drivers be considered as a part of operating system.Above the device drivers thither which is also c whollyed as physical I/O. Main do work of charge up system is to deal with the is basic wedge system information from establish book systems dedicate them on secondary storage. as well as it manages buffering of these head offs on to the main(prenominal) memory. It doesnt c atomic reckon 18 rough data inside the appoint.The next level is rouseonic I/O supervisor. The function of this layer is I/O trigger termination. At this level control social organizations deals with file status, scheduling, I/O. The device on which file I/O is to be performed selected by I/O supervisor found on parti cular file selected.Logical I/O enables users application to accept records. The logical I/O faculty deals with file Records. Logical I/O maintains basic data about the files. gateway system is the file system closest to the user. The main function is to provide interface between file system applications.File Management Functions go for 2 File Management Functions 1Application curriculums Users interact with the file system to create and delete files and for acting operations on files. File system for the first time identify and locate the selected file before performing any operation. Directories argon used to describe location of solely files their attri nonwithstandinges. some conductd systems implements access control policies. Only authorized users tummy get under ones skin access to particular files.The basic operations that a user or application may perform on a file are performed at the record level. The file is viewed by user as structure of records. Access m ethods are used to map user commands into specific file manipulation commands. I/O operation is done on block basis. The records are organized as a blocks of output. In order to perform the operation files must be allocated to free blocks on the secondary storage. Also free storage must be managed so as to be what blocks are forthcoming for new files and growth in existing files.File Organization Several criteria affect the selection of file organization. Some of these factors loafer be listed as follows. The suitability depends on the application which will be use the file.Economy of StorageShort Access time dependabilitySimple maintenance 1Original file system Physical book in Linux is divided into logical disks. It is vociferateed as partitions. Each partition is treated as a standalone file system. Each device is assigned with study device lean and the partitions are assigned with minor device number. The device driver refers to these numbers to access raw file system. M ajor number acts like a index to switch table minor number will recognize specific instance of device. 3Physical location of file data blockPlacing the data blocks in a contiguous expression will improve the performance but will lead to inefficiencies in allocating space. User may need to specify the file of sizing at the time of creation.Linux file system allocates block one at a time from pool of free blocks3. File blocks are scattered haphazardly on physical disk.Inodes inode contains key learning related to files required by the OS. A single inode may point to several file call but the active inode is associated only with one file. Inode stores attributes, permissions other(a) control information related to the file. The information contained in the inode isle self-control indication File type File access permissions. Time of last access, and modication Number of relate (aliases) to the le Pointers to the data blocks for the le Size of the le in bytes (for rhythmical l es), major and minor device numbers for specialDevice 3 portend 3 Inode structure 4Inodes has cursors to data block. Each inodes contain 15 pointers. premiere 12 pointers will point directly to data blocks. 13th pointer will point to indirect data block.14th pointer points to doubly indirect data block. Similarly, 15th pointer will point to triply indirect block.Advantages1 very(prenominal) little space wasted. A disk butt be make full completely.2 Indirect block points many data blocks so larger files go off be efficiently accessed.3 Simultaneous operations can be performed. wiz read operation fetches the inode a nonher will fetch first data block.Disadvantages1 may lead to poor performanceDirectoriesDirectory provides information about file location, file ownership its attributes. A directory is itself a file which is accessible to file management routines. The Directory structure can be shown as belowFigure 4 Linux Directory Structure 5As shown in the figure linux organiz es directories in hierarchal fashion. The root lies at the top of the tree and it is denoted by /.Every directory in the linux system is under root directory.The various directories under root directory are lift The information required for booting is stored in this directory. This may consist of files used by LILO, Bootstrap loader. This is the place for kernel image.etc configuration files of machine installed software are stored heredev device files for devices such as disk drives, serial ports are stored here.Usr it consists of all man pages, games, commands, static files for normal operations.Sbin It consists of system admin commands.Home This is the place where user will keep his own files. It contains users home directory for each user on the system.Root This is the home directory for root user.File sharingTo share files a special group is created for the set of users who intend to use that files. Directory is created with ownership of that group. The permissions are set such that all users within the group can create files. We can also set group ID so that all the files created in it will automatically have group ownership its name directory has.Access control in linuxTerms related to ACLA User family unit on that point are mainly three user classes owner, owning group other users. To allow permission three bits read(r), write (w) and execute (x) can be set.B Access ACL It determines group user access permissions for file fair games.C Default ACL These can be only applied to directories. It decides permissions for file object when it is created.D ACL launching ACL is a set of ACL entries. An ACL entry contains a type (see Table B.1 on the next page), a qualifier for the user or group to which the entry refers, and a set of permissionsThere are 3 basic sets associated with linux file object. These sets are used to grant permissions read(r), write(w), execute(x) for 3 user groups, file owner others. We can also set group id, user set id for special cases. Access control list (ACL) allow the assignment of permissions to individual users or groups notwithstanding if these do not correspond to the owner or the owning group 6There are mainly two categories of ACL namely minimum ACL extended ACL. lower limit ACL only consists of entries for owning group, owner other which are associated with conventional permission bits for files directories. lengthy ACL has mask entry entries for named group named user types. ADD NFS, VFS.Linux virtual file systemFigure 5 Virtual file systemFigure 6 Linux virtual file system concept 1In linux file management is done with the dish out of Virtual file system (VFS).T o user process it appears as a single, uniform file system interface.VFS treats files as a objects stored in mass storage area. Files can be identified by their symbolic names. A file has a attribute such as access protection, ownership etc. A use is required by file system to map real file system characteristics into Vi rtual file system characteristics.User process issues a file system call using VFS.VFS converts this call into kernel file system call which is then passed to mapping function for particular file system. Sometimes mapping function may result into complex operations. In many cases directories are not files, VFS may need to convert file corresponding to some directories. The original user file system call is translated into native call to the target file system.The requested function on a file or directory is performed by invoked file system software. The results of the operation are routed back to the user in a similar manner.As VFS is object oriented they are imlemented as a data structures using C,C++.Object consists of pointers which points to the file system functions.These funtions will operate on data.The four objects areSuperblock object Represents a specific mounted file systemInode object Represents a specific fileDentry object Represents a specific directory entryFile objec t Represents an open file associated with a process trey Extended (EXT3) File SystemJournalingEXT3 is third extended file system. It is journaling reference work to EXT2.It is 100% compatible with all utilities designed for ext2 file system.Ext3 shares ext2s well-known robustness, but also adds extra features such as extended attributes, H tree.7 The journaling get along used in EXT3 will greatly reduce the time fagged for recovering file system by and by system crash. This will help to minimize system restart time file system inconsistencies after unclean shutdown. After rebooting a system mount program first checks the Journal. If it finds ay unchecked changes, it applies the changes to the file system. Thus we can say mount program provides consistency to the system. The mount program scuds care of all the consistency the system doesnt need to check the consistency hence the computers using journaling are available within short duration after reboot.8.Ext3 allocated area ca lled as journal in which it records the changes made to files directories ahead of time. If the system is crashed the recovery simply involves see the journal from file system replaying the changes. 9Journaling styluss in EXT3 The classification is made based on the fact that whether journaling makes log changes only to metadata or to all file system. There are three journaling modesJournal It will record twain metadata file system data changes. In this mode there is final chance of risk. This journaling mode minimizes the chance of losing the changes that have been made to any file in an ext3 file system. 10It is the slowest mode. The risk associated with it is lowest.Ordered It will record the metadata but not the file contents. It is the default ext3 journaling mode. In this mode there is possibility that one may end up with the file in the intermediate stage. The risk associated with this mode is at medium level.Writeback In this mode only metadata is journaled file conte nts are not11. It allows showing up white-haired data into the file after a crash. It ensures that on reboot all garbage due to unwritten data be zeroed out.Major Advantages of ext3 info Integrity If there is any unclean, improper system shutdown ext3 guarantees data integrity. We can set the level of protection. It prevents the writing of garbage data to the disk after a crash. Generally we keep the data consistent with separate of file system.10Availability The amount of time system will take to check the consistency after unclean shutdown depends on the size of file system. Larger the file system larger the time. Ext3 will not require such consistency check .recovery time in ext3 does not depend on the file system size or the number of files. It depends on size of journal. So there is faster availability. It only takes fewer seconds to recoverEasy Transition we can easily make transformation from ext2 to ext3 without reformatting. We can add journal to ext2 with the help of t une2fs program.Speed though ext3 writes data more than once its faster than ext2. This is because journaling increases speed of head motion of demanding drive.Because of its broad cross-platform compatibility it can be used on both 32 bit 64 bit architecture.As there is no need of any core kernel changes ext3 requires no new system calls.

Ontology And Epistemology The Growth Of Motivation Psychology Essay

Ontology And Epistemology The Growth Of Motivation Psychology EssayOntologyA supposition concerning the dis sentiment of tender phenomena as entities that argon to be admitted to a knowledge system .ontology gives an mentation to the highest degree the nature of reality. Ontology is concern the kinds of things that assume to exit in the world, and how those things should be fascinateed and studied. Ontology serve ups to master(prenominal)tain the explore and helps to understand that in that respect argon distinguishable charges of viewing the world .Ontology is consists of two aspects .Those atomic number 18 objectivism and subjectivism. These two aspects were suck nigh both devotes among business and management investigateers and it fucking be real as producing valid knowledge by many look intokers. Objectivism is an ontological position that asserts that social entities exits in a reality external to, and unaffiliated of, social actors concerned with their exi stence. Subjectivism is an ontological position that asserts entitles, that is created from the perceptions and consequent actions of those social actors responsible for(p) for their creation. Smircich (1983) historied that accusatives would tend to view the culture of an organisation as aroundthing that the organisation has. The subjectivist view point would be to reject as too simplistic and beg that culture is something that is created and re-created through a complex array of phenomena which let in social interactions and physical factors such as office layout to which individuals attach trustworthy meanings, rituals and myths.Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the character of knowledge and when constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of hold. The most essential distinction is what they consider outstanding in the study of the manufacturing process. The pointer who considers selective information on resources needed is plausibly to be more ask ing to the position of the natural scientist. This whitethorn be position of the operations management specialist who is comfortable with the collection and compend of facts. Positivism is an epistemological position that advocates functional with an observable social reality. The fury is on highly structured modeology to facilitate replication, and the product squeeze out be law- like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists. realism is an epistemological position that objects exits independent of our knowledge of their existence. The essence of realism is that what the senses suggest us is reality, is the truth that objects contain an existence independent of the human mind. The interpretivisim is an epistemology that advocates that is necessary for the interrogationer to understand the difference between humans in our quality as social actors.The ontological position depart be fetching a subjective object approach. This is becau se look fores viewpoint is subjective in nature. take for granted that there is consanguinity among different elements like motivation and envision of the employees or separate factors. Therefore the explore worker is of the opinion in different entities in the system interact and can have depend or sex actship between them.What do you understand by the concept of morality in the context of a taught Masters dissertation? How may it affect your research formulate or methodology?Research moralsResearch ethics is the appropriateness of the researchers behaviour in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of a research nominate, or who be affecting by it. Blumberg et al. (2005 92) define ethics as the moral principles, norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. Therefore research ethics relates to the marvels how to formulate and clarify the topic, origination our research and gain access, collect data, process and store our data, analyse data and write up research findings in a moral and responsible way. Predictably, what is mor all in ally defensible behaviour, as researchers will be affected by broader social norms of behaviour (Zikmund, 2000).The outset stage of a research sick is translating the business caper into a well-defined research problem. It re face ups the researchers first and dress hat opportunity to anticipate potential respectable problems.Ham to others some difficult thinking about the underlying problem and business objectives should suggest whether the results atomic number 18 likely to be deteriorationful to other persons or organisations.Violations of accepted research practise the researcher has an honourable obligation to the manager to indicate whether a research project is feasible or whether the results be likely to be so tentative as to be worthless. Violations of community standards of conductsThe manger has an ethical obligat ion to the researcher to disclose as fully as likely the nature of the oppugn, decision, or problem facing the business. The main ethical problems in masters dissertation are given below.Privacy of possible and actual participantsMaintenance of the confidentiality of data provided by individuals or identifiable participants and anonymityReactions of participants to the way in which way to collect data, including embarrassment, stress, discomfort, pain and harmTo avoidance of harm can be seen as the corners bankers bill of the ethical issues that confront those who sign up research. The expression netiquette has been developed to provide a heading for a cast of rules or guidelines about how to act ethically when employ internet. Potential ethical issues should be recognised and considered from the out enured of the research and be one of the criteria against which research proposal is judged. Ethical concerns are likely to occur at all stages of the research project. When seek ing access, during data collection, analyse data and when it will root them. Ethical concerns are also associated with the power relationship between the researcher and those who grant access, and the researchers role.Ethics is highly affecting the research work. There are principally three kinds of ethical issues affects in stick withs as well as wonders. Those are informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity and contact effects. The informed consent is key to survey and consultation ethics. Respondents have right to know the content or topic of the survey and the right to refuse to participate if they object to its full-strength purpose. Confidentiality can make sure that maintain the promise or non, look into that data are not available to unauthorized persons and that they are not mis apply. Questionnaires should be kept safely locked up when not in use. Guarding respondent identities is particularly authorised for repeated -measure surveys. Researchers conducting personal or telephone interview have direct contact with the individuals who are ultimately the sources of data. To avoid rage and embarrassment, interviewers must prepare respondents for the apparent movements they are going to ask.Research will be done ground on a fast(a) or an organisation. For doing research in a firm or in an organisation the main factor which we need is that the help and nurse from the employees and he managers. The research will be done by focusing the employees. The senior employees are never ready to disclose the details about their experience in their firm. The managers are not ready to disclose the details about the firm and employees working their. They are not even ready to share their experience which they pee while they conduct the interview. For selecting the firm or organisation the main support and the permission for a student should be provided by the college or the university. The officials of the firm can get influenced by the performance of the person who does research in the firm and this can lead to the recruitment of the person to the firm.Explain, compare and wrinkle the following terms proposition theory theory model?Propositions are of great interest in research because they may be used to gauge the truth or falsity of relationships among observable phenomena. When advance a proposition is testing, its are hypothesizing. A meditation describes the relationship between or among variables. A good hypothesis is one that can explain what it remove to explain what it claims to explain ,is testable , and has greater range , probability, and simplicity than its rivals. Sets of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that are advanced to explain and called theories. postures differ from theories in that models are analogies or representations of some aspect of a system or of the system as a whole. Models are used for description, prediction, and control.PropositionProposition as a contestation about observable phenomena that may be judged as true or false .when a proposition is formulated for empirical testing. It is call as hypothesis. The relationship between two or more variables, a hypothesis is of a tentative and conjectural nature (Cooper et al 119843). possibilityHypothesis is a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more events or concepts. Hypothesis is related in to different areas in research .descriptive hypothesis is dealing with existence, size form and distribution. Relational hypothesis is type another type of hypothesis and its dealing with the research question format in less frequently. The role of hypothesis is very important in the research program. Hypothesis gives a good direction to the research study and it can identify the facts and these facts are related are pertinent and those are not. The environment of this hypothesis and implications of the declaration propose that the best research design is a communication- establish study, most likely a survey or interview. A strong hypothesis has three conditions like becoming for its purpose, testable and better a rival.TheoryA theory is a set of systematically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that are advanced to explain and predict phenomena. Theories are sound and fit for the condition is triumphant in expiations and predictions. The main gainsay of the theory area is to build comprehensive and predict how modifying the product and other variables. Understanding the relationship between the variables are very important in theory. It should help to develop the researcher scientific knowledge. In a theory areas hypothesis has a good role.lt may cause confusion to stigmatise between the theory and hypothesis. Theories are related to be complex, be vellicate and involve multiple variables. Hypothesis on is more simple, limited-variable statements involving concrete instances.ModelModel is defined as a representation of system that constructed to study some aspect of the system as whole. Model and theories are altogether different. The role of the theory is explanation perhaps models role is representation. Future and present conditions can characterize by models. It will helpful for the researchers and mangers. The main travail of the models the increase the understanding, predictions and to manage the complexities of the environment.4. Give a detailed explanation and illustration, using a diagram, your anticipated research design, otherwise utilise a suppositious research design process.Research designA research design is the strategy for a study and plan by what the strategy is to be carried out. It specifies the methods and procedures for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Unfortunately, there is no simple classification of research designs that covers the variations order in practise. The major descriptors of design are given below. exploratory versus formalizedMonitoring versus communication stu dyExperimental versus ex post factodescriptive versus causalCross-sectional versus longitudinalCase versus statisticalField versus testing ground versus simulationSubjects perceive no deviations, some deviations, or researcher -included deviations.Exploratory research is appropriate for the total study in topic areas where the developed data are limited. In most other studies, exploration is the first stage of a project and is used to orient the researcher and the study. The objective of exploration is the development of hypotheses, not testing. Formalized studies, including descriptive and causal, are those with considerable structure, specific hypothesis to be tested, or research questions to be answered. Descriptive studies are those used to describe phenomena associated with a subject population or to estimate proportions of the population that have certain characteristics.Causal studies seek to cave in the effect that a variable has on another or wherefore certain outcomes are obtained. The concept of causality is grounded in the logic of hypothesis testing, which in turn, produces inductive conclusions. Such conclusions are problematic and thus can never be demonstrated with certainty. Current ideas about causality as compels processes improve our understanding over Mills canons, though it can never know all the relevant information necessary to prove causal linkages beyond doubt.Research designing will mainly occur based on the causal studies. Research is mainly based on the quantative and soft techniques. Data for the research will be collected with the help of questionnaire and the interview conducted. Questionnaire is prepared with the help of soft analysis and interview is prepared based on quantative analysis. Both questionnaire and interview will help to us to do research in a proper way.What is the role of the research question? How would you formulate a research question? (Illustrate by constructing a vatic research question from your pos sible topic area).Research question is a specific query to be addressed by this research that sets the parameters of the project and suggests the methods to be used for data gathering and analysis .Research question is important because it determines, largely, the research methods that are used to answer it. A research question will provide the flexibility and freedom to explore a phenomenon in depth. It is not so narrow and concentrated that it excludes discovery. The research question in a qualitative study is a statement that recognises the phenomenon to be studied. It gives idea to the readers what the researcher specifically wants to know about the subject. The important thing in the research question is setting the boundaries on what will be studied. This is because researcher cannot cover the all aspects of the problem. Research question helps them to narrow the problem mess to a workable size. Research questions should replicate plausible hunches, suspicions, and suggestion s of those involved with or knowledgeable about the business problem. General settlement of the research problem is to set of specific research questions. (ref 1).Research questions .research questions mainly three types.Questions about Primary VariablesThe primary variable materializes in the translation process. In this part, expression to the relationships between the key and primary variables that research is to test. For physical exercise, seasonal variations in cut-rate sale important?Key VariablesIt may present additional variables to be investigated. For example Are turnover rates showing the same patter? It may also focus alternative measures of a key variable.Boundary QuestionsIt involves the research boundaries and are usually included when the researcher is unsure of the boundaries of the business problem. It may suggest other cases to be investigated or may seek to settle down temporal or other boundaries of the problem. Boundary questions are the least characterle ss specific research questions.The research questions focus specific aspects of the problem to be investigated and ideas to be tested. These questions are distilled from the results of the researchers investigation of the business problem. The accredited research question and the approach in which it is phrased lead the researcher to scrutinize data from a specific perspective and to use certain data-gathering techniques and modes of data analysis. The questions set the tone for the research project and help the researcher to stay focused, even when there are masses and data. The original question in a qualitative study open is broad and open-ened.the original research question .the original research question may be suggested by a professor or college, obtain from the researchers experience. Whatever the source of the problem, it is important that researcher have enthusiasm for the subject because he or she will have to defy with it for some time(REF).The ability to achieve a cer tain degree of length from the research materials and to represents them fairly. The capability to listen to the words of respondents and to give them voice independent of the researcher. In qualitative research, objectivity does not mean controlling the variables. objectivity have developed some techniques to increase our responsiveness and to help us control intrusion of basis into analysis while retaining sensitivity to what is beingness said in the data. The first procedure is to think comparatively. Another method for gaining distance is to obtain multiple viewpoints of an event , that is, to attempt to determine how the assorted actors in a position view it. Also, it is important to periodically whole step back and ask, what is going here? and does what I think I see fit the reality of the data?. Another technique for obtaining objectivity is sustaining an location of scepticism. The final piece of recommendation is to follow the research procedures, it can make comparis ons, asking questions, and sampling based on evolving theoretical concepts are needed features of the methodology. Objectivity enables the researcher to have assurance that his or her findings are a reasonable, impartial representation of a problem under investigation, whereas sensitivity enables creative thinking and discovery of new theory from data.One of the main factors for the research is motivation. It depends on the work of the person. The growth of the motivation mainly depends on the work experience we have in a firm. Here, in this research, we do consider mainly two important factors, namely, service and the motivation. Questionnaires are prepared in relation to both this factors. Research is done in two ways with the help of questionnaire and interview.Data collection PreparationData collection end plan ApprovedSampling DesignInstrument DevelopmentResearch Design Strategy

Representation of War in Sassoon’s They, Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, and the

Representation of War in Sassoons They, Woolfs Mrs. Dallo trend, and the frivol away(p) Hedd WynnThey, by Siegfried Sassoon, Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, and the film Hedd Wynn directed by Paul food turner, were whole kit and caboodle indite ab pop World War I. These works were the authors point of view ab step forward the war. The authors described how the war effected commonwealth during and after the war was over. The poem They, by Siegfried Sassoon was a poem written during World War I. The poem basically states that no man sleep withs out of the war the same. People who go into war are facing death. both the soldier comes out alive, or dead. The war will have whatever affect on a soldier in some way or another. This mold of war applies to Virginia Woolfs bracing Mrs. Dalloway, and the film Hedd Wynn. twain pieces consist of characters that went to war, and as a result died in the war. It seems as if the authors accept that if there is a war, there will be some assort handst of tragedy as a result. The tragedy isnt always a bad thing. Either there will be Mental problems, physical problems, or death as the result. The poem They displays a war representation of change of human existence can be applied to the novel Mrs. Dalloway, and Hedd Wynn. Mrs. Dalloway, and Hedd Wynn representation of war was death.The poem They begins with a Bishop saying that the soldiers wouldnt come back as the same men. whatsoever of soldiers admitted that some were injured, and awaitd death. Some of the soldiers also admitted that no man would come from the war without being changed. Siegfried Sassoon is stating that these men who fight in the war, will come back changed physically, mentally, or face death. In Mrs. Dalloway, the character Septimus fought in the World War I in Englan... ...s mind from the war. Woolf used Clarissa as a person who could relate to Septimus, because she treasured to plunge into another place herself. By plunging into another plac e, she could get away from the facade that she had to put on in front of guest. She wanted to be herself, not someone else. Ellis died, and he won chair for his poem. Once once more people change after they fight in the war. Woolf and the Paul Turner also imply that death is not always a sinful aspect in ones life. It can bring out the best in a person.Work CitedWoolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. San Diego, New York Harcourt, Inc., 1925. Sasoon, Siegfried. They. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. seventh ed. vol. 2c. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2000. p. 2055Hedd Wynn. Dir. Paul Turner. Perf. Huw Garman, Catrin Fychan. Welsh Films., 1996.http//us.imdb.com

Kurdistan Essay -- essays research papers fc

Kurdistan is a region that has existed in turmoil and is the never was res publica. The Kurds ar the fourth largest social pigeonholing of the Middle East, numbering between 20 and 25 million. approximately 15 million live in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, an area they clamored Kurdistan, yet they do non have a country of their own. Formal attempts to establish much(prenominal) a state were crushed by the larger and more tidy countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman empire collapsed after World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent nation at a lower place the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to maintain its office and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call their own. The end of the Gulf war, Iran-Iraq war, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the end of the cold war has reinvigorated a Kurdish Nationalist movement. The movement is a pulverization keg ready to explode. With the majority of Kurds living within its boundaries, no country faces this threat more than Turkey. Because of Turkeys concept of unified, cohesive nationhood-in which the universe of minorities are not ac make doledged- these tensions in Turkey are more punishing to handle than else where. In southeastern Turkey, extreme fighting and guerilla tactics are used by the Kurds in support of their semipolitical parties. The Turkish military is actively stationed in this area now.There are several(prenominal) political parties that represent the needs of the Kurdish people. They are the Kurdistans Workers ships company (PKK) who represent the needs of Turkish Kurds and are the most violent terrorist comparable group, the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) who is active politically but not militarily, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) composed of Iraqi Kurds, and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) who is to a fault representing the Iraqi Kurds.The PKK was cre ated in 1974 as a Marxist-Leninist insurgent group primarily composed of Turkish Kurds searching for an independence movement. Its first and hardly leader, Abdullah Ocalan, or Apo as he came to be called, was at that time a student of political science at Ankara University. From the late 1970s, Ocalan worked near with both the then Soviet Union and with Syria, whose governments were attempting to generate a political breakdown in Turkey. In 1977, the PKK published a series of "com... ...for years. In 1980, Ocalan actually moved to Syria and used Syrian facilities as well as training grounds in the Bekaa Valley to drill terrorist groups for cross-border attacks against targets in Turkey. Greece, a NATO ally, backs the PKK and its affiliates by every means at its disposal. The PKK is a very vixenish and radical group in their search for their independence. They believe that their human rights are being oppressed by The Turkish peoples and that they deserve what land is theirs, no matter the cost. The only forces that stand in their way are Turkey, the PUK, and the KDP. If these organizations crumble to stop the PKK, a new nation will be create in the name of Marxism. And other countries may soon follow, changing what we know as the Middle East. Bibliography     http//burn.ucsd.edu/ats/PKK/pkk5-3.htmlhttp//www.fas.org/irp/world/para/pkk.htmhttp//www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/mfa-t-pkk-s.htmhttp//web.nps.navy.mil/depository library/tgp/kurds.htmhttp//www.turkey.org/apo-pkk/apo1.htmhttp//www.comebackalive.com/df/dplaces/kurdista/The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s Robert Olsen, editor The University puppy love of Kentucky, 1996

huck finn Essay -- essays research papers

huckaback Finn Americas Fascination with the Bad BoyThrough erupt the memorial of Ameri offer Literature, the use of the prominent male child or the rebel in the literature has always fascinated ratifiers. We may ask ourselves why would a no-count person with typic bothy bad cleans and a bad attitude appeal to people in guild? American society typically flocks toward certain characters in literature, based on their character. In The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, we be able to examine one of the most storied ill-affected young men in the history of American literature. huckaback reveals all the typical qualities of a bad boy, while retaining his familiar shame. Through analysis of huck and other characters in American Literature, we can inject to a conclusion that the bad boy is usually a character that is non-conforming to society, such as in religious belief, school, and moral standards, while retaining their compassion inside. Although these rebellious boys may look tough and scary on the outside, on the inside they actually have a good heart and are able to have feelings such as remorse, regret, love, and compassion for others. In addition, in that respect is a thin line between the American bad boy that we all know and love, and truly a bad person. Both come off tough on the outside, but it is the inner character that allow for separate the men from the boys. The rebellious boy we are fascinated boy has a good heart, while the other bad boy is bad in all aspects. People are drawn to the inner moral fiber, not how bad people are on the outside. This is why Huck is so famous in literary history. It is evident that he has a tough outside, but a caring personality on the inside.Foley 2Huck is far from a typical child in all aspects of his character, life experiences, and maturity. Huck doesnt conform to society whatsoever, and has his own prospect somewhat everything. In a society as religious as his, he says a lot o f cruel things about religion and what he thinks of it, especially when it comes to hell. Then she told me all about the bad place, and I utter I wished I was there. She got mad, then, but I didnt mean no harm. She said it was wicked to say what I said said she wouldnt say it for the whole world she was going to live so as to go to the good place. (Twain 33). Huck clearly displays his thinking on religion throug... ...nbspWhile Huck represents the American bad boy, Tom sawyer beetle is presented as a FOIL of Huck. Huck does the things he needs to do in order to survive, while Tom Sawyer is living in his own fantasy world. Everything in Toms life revolves some these fairytale adventures he reads about in books. Tom conforms to society, while Huck clearly does not. Tom has no worries though, as far as selection and having a place to go. He loves to make everything difficult, in order to do it the way they do it in adventure books. The two boys are heart opposites, in the form of character, goals and actions.America has always had a fascination with the rebellious young boy, and it is very possible that the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, brought about this loving for this type of character. Hucks character has both the noted bad Foley 6boy attitude and tough outside, while in any case having a good heart and a caring personality. His character brings out the readers id as Freud would say. It brings out the naughtiness inside the readers personality, while still making him lovable because he is really a good person on the inside.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalophathy Essay -- BSE Prion Mad Cow Disease

Bovine Spongiform Encephalophathy annul Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is caused by a prion, which is an infectious agent comprised only when of protein. The prion is a de generate form of a e preciseday cellular protein make in the brain and in nervous tissue. It targets the normal protein and causes the normal protein to depart its shape. When enough of the prion is produced, the cell dies and symptoms of the complaint are expressed.Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), to a greater extent commonly known as mad cow disease, is an unusual disease in regards to the fact that it is not caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or any opposite organism. Instead the disease is caused by prions, infectious agents simply composed of protein. Prions lose nucleic acid and are composed of an abnormal isoform of a normal cellular protein. What this means is that the prions and the cellular proteins have the same arrangements of the amino acids however, the prion is folded differently fro m the cellular protein. They are much like the toy Transformers that intrigued little kids in the 1980s. A sphynx could become a robot a bug could become a warrior. Nothing was added nothing subtracted.(Ruth Levy Guyer, Ph.D., 1) The tightly wound alpha helixes (figure 2) of the normal cellular proteins are unfolded and turn into beta sheets (figure 1).(Ruth Levy Guyer, Ph.D., 1)Figure 1Figure 2Another feature of the prion is its ability to remain perpetual in extreme conditions. Because prions do not have any desoxyribonucleic acid or RNA like other infectious agents, they are very hard to deal with. Prions are extremely resistant to conventional procedures to deactivate them including irradiation, boiling, dry heat, and chemicals such asformalin, betapropiolactone, and alcohols.S... ...is a disease that runs in families and prevents people from sleeping, causes locomote and emotional problems, and is eventually a killer. GSS was linked to two mutations in the prion gene in 198 9. Prion fragments accumulate in the brain instructures called plaques. In Alzheimers disease, mistakable plaques develop, but they are composed of fragments of a different protein.Works CitedPrion Wikipedia. 28 July 2006 .DeArmond, Stephen J., M.D., Ph.D., Safar, Jiri, M.D., Groth, Darlene, A.B., Prusiner, Stanley B., M.D. Prions Office of Health and Safety. 28 July 2006 .Guyer, Ruth Levy, Ph.D. Prions Puzzling Infectious Proteins subject area Institutes of Health Office of Science. 28 July 2006 .

La Vitesse, Une Erreur? :: essays research papers

La principale erreur de notre temps est de chercher en toute chose la vitesse. Expliquez voire discuter cette ide en vous servant dexemples prcis. forefront sommes au sicle de la vitesse, le monde grouille, fourmille, sagite teem concurrencer, moderniser, produire head sommes entrans dans une spirale qui sacclre sans cesse. En essayant daller toujours addition vite, de gagner toujours irrefutable de temps, ne faisons-nous pas le contraire, ne perdons-nous pas lessentiel de la vie en essayant daller toujours plus vite?Tout dabord examinons la vitesse dans les transports, celle qui tue plusieurs millions de personnes equation an. Cette vitesse est nfaste tout dabord car elle cause plus de 50% diethylstilbesterol accidents meurtriers. De plus le temps gagn sur les routes est survalu( de lordre de 6 min quand on roule en continu 150 km/h au lieu de 130km/h pendant 100 kilomtres), enfin la stress et la fatigue accumules ne valent pas les quelques minutes pargnes. Cette course la vit esse a pu grce la technologie moderne profiter de moyens encore plus rapides et encore plus inhumains tel que le mtro. Les gens qui prennent le mtro pensent gagner du temps mais en ralit ils en perdent, car au lieu de prendre leur temps pour avoir un trajet plaisant, passer pied dans des endroits qui leur sont agrables, seul pour se relaxer ou plusieurs, dune faon conviviale. Le temps du trajet mme sil est plus long ne serait pas perdu attendre, tre bousculer ou snerver.Cette phobie de la perte du temps, est dautant mieux illustr par le succs des fast foods, ce terme dsigne un mode de restauration rapide o les aliments sont prpars et servis dans un minimum de temps grce des techniques et des oprations planifies. Lexemple le plus connu de ces restaurants rapides est le Mac Donald, import des tats unis, on y mange vite et pour un prix trs bas. Mais ce type de restaurants favorisent la vitesse au dtriment du got et de la qualit. De la mme manire les individus qui vont public trea sury dans ces restaurants perdent le meilleur du repas, au lieu de vivre celui-ci comme un temps de pause dans une journe effrne, le vivent encore comme un stress au milieu des bousculades, sen prendre le temps de goter aux bonnes choses que la vie nous offre mais quil faut prendre le temps de savourer.Cette obsession de vitesse se traduit aussi par un besoin de changer sans cesse on change de voitures, de vtements, de loisirs, de milieuCette soif de nouveaut jamais tarie.

Effective Time Management - The Foundation of Success Essay -- Time Ma

Effective judgment of conviction Management - The Foundation of advantageUpon returning to college, the mature student (any student over the age of 24) presently realizes that their ability to manage cadence effectively directly impacts their learning knowledge and their family life. Unlike handed-down students, the mature student may have a spouse, children and a full- duration job that is necessary for them to survive financially. Adults with families will readily agree that their family al wholeness places serious demands on their clock. When adding the responsibility of school, it becomes even to a greater extent difficult to make time for family, sketch and personal time. Enough time needs to be spent on these three major facets of life. excessively much time spent in i area commonly means to little time spent in another, which ordinarily leads to stress. Time tension professionals say that stress is usually the result of poor time management. Effective time man agement has to be the foundation of any booming and productive life.There are 1,440 minutes in a day. If one is employed full-time, then about nine hours (540 minutes) of the day is spent at the office and commuting. The time left in the evening for family and self is genuinely limited. Some companies chuck up the sponge their employees to telecommute, in which the companys network is accessed from the employees home, usually via a high-speed or broadband connection. Telecommuting increases available time for family and self by eliminating the employees commute. Along with telecommuting, some companies offer Flex-Time. Flex-Time allows the work schedule to be configured differently from the typical Monday through Friday, 9am-to-5pm work workweek. atomic number 53 will still work a total of 40 hours that week only one day may be shorter than the rest. Flex-Time is basically a flexible work schedule. Flex-time and telecommuting are examples of Flexible Work Options (FWO). FWOs all ow employees the opportunity to find time for their families and selves by introducing a time management element that bends.Along with the changing nature of office-hours via telecommuting and Flex-Time, in that respect is a need for employees to be more efficient at work. Companies are implementing the virtual office which partly entails telecommuting but with the main focus being a more efficient, yet mobile workforce. With the virtual office, traditional office setups such as permanent workspac... ...s to get these things done and back up to the office in one hour pick up silver for sitter tonight, pick up three birthday gifts, buy her female child a notebook, pens and a new backpack for school tomorrow, eat, get rock oil changed and pick up sons asthma prescription. Well, Super Jane is at it again, she headed to the grocery investment company/pharmacy and picked up her sons prescription, three gift cards for various stores to be given as birthday gifts, a salad and enou gh money for the baby-sitter to take her daughter to the store tonight to get her pens, notebook and new backpack. Now, off to Jiffy lubri toilettet where she will eat her salad while waiting for her oil to be changed.In summation, the benefits of time management can be life altering. As one finds ways to get more done with the time available to them, it can lead to an increase in overall self-confidence and a more positive outlook on life. Effective time management is excessively a very useful tool that can help to subjugate stress in day-to-day life. If effective time management becomes a part of ones life then he or she can find ways to juggle family, career, personal time and education. In essence, effective time management can lead to success.

tom clancy :: essays research papers

"Vampire, Vampire" The CIC talker said aboard Ticonderoga. "We have numerous incoming missiles. Weapons free."1 tomcat Clancy, the best forward-looking fiction writer, and probably, one of the totally time best. Above was an excerpt from his snatch number one bestseller, wild Storm Rising. Tom Clancy is a civilian genius that knows more about top-secret weapons systems than the men who designed them. This makes for an explosive, could be real, fiction. It is because of his gripping story lines, and powerful descriptions of battle scenes that have drawn me, on with millions of other Americans to his master works of art. Ironically Mr. Clancys imagine of becoming a writer was not fulfilled until he wrote The Hunt For Red October in 1984. Until then, he was an insurance salesman whose previous stories had been turned down. That is another function that I like about Mr. Clancy, he doesnt give up. Clancy at a time said, "In America, there aint no excuses. You can go out and do anything you damn well please if you try profound enough."2 Finally, this author, was the only one that didnt put me to sleep with a warm cup of milk. Thomas L. Clancy Jr., son of a mailman and department store credit employee, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1947. He accompanied a local catholic parochial elementary and secondary school. roughly of his friends were interested in sports, and following their favorite teams throughout the season, but Tom had more important things on his mind like guns, tanks, and planes. He went to Loyola College, a Jesuit college of liberal arts in Baltimore where he majored in English. slice attending college he joined the ROTC in order to serve in Vietnam, but poor eyesight kept him from fulfilling his desire. The first short story he wrote was rejected by Analog Sci-Fi magazine, crushing another dream of having his name on a book. In 1973 he became an insurance agent, as he wasnt making any head way as a writer. Eventually he joined his wifes incurs insurance agency, and later bought it in 1980 for $125,000. It was an established business with around 1,000 clients. Tom was so effective, and the business so profitable, that he could accomplish all the work in the morning and have the rest of the day to ware all sorts of technical journals and papers.3 After his writing career took off in 1984, he eventually moved into a 400 acre estate on the Chesapeake Bay.